After a meal, insulin helps lower blood glucose. Which endocrine gland releases insulin?

Thyroxine raises metabolic rate in many tissues. Which gland releases it?

Cortisol supports the long-term stress response. Which endocrine region releases cortisol?

ADH helps conserve water during dehydration. Which gland releases ADH into the blood?

Oxytocin causes uterine contractions during labor. Which gland releases oxytocin into the blood?

Growth hormone increases protein synthesis in bone and muscle. Which gland secretes it?

Epinephrine prepares the body for a rapid fight-or-flight response. Which endocrine region releases it?

PTH raises blood calcium when levels fall. Which glands release PTH?

Glucagon raises blood glucose between meals. Which gland releases glucagon?

Aldosterone helps conserve sodium when blood volume is low. Which region releases it?

Melatonin rises in darkness and helps regulate sleep timing. Which gland releases melatonin?

Thymosin supports maturation of T lymphocytes. Which gland releases thymosin?

Aldosterone acts on distal nephron tubules. What change does it produce there?

ADH acts on collecting ducts in the nephron. What does it do there?

Insulin acts on liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue after blood glucose rises. What is its effect?

Glucagon acts on hepatocytes between meals. What change does it produce?

Calcitonin acts on bone when blood calcium is high. What effect does it have?

PTH acts on bone and kidneys when blood calcium is low. What overall change does it cause?

Thyroxine acts on many body cells. What does it increase?

Epinephrine reaches the heart, airways, and liver during acute stress. What response does it promote?

Cortisol acts on liver, muscle, and adipose tissue during prolonged stress. What effect does it have?

Oxytocin acts on uterine smooth muscle. What effect does it produce?

FSH acts on gonads. What process does it stimulate?

LH acts on gonads. What response does it trigger?

TSH rises when metabolic rate needs to be driven upward. Which target gland responds to TSH?

ACTH rises during a long-term stress response. Which target tissue responds by secreting cortisol?

FSH promotes gamete production. Which organs are its main targets?

After ovulation, LH acts on the ruptured follicle left in the ovary. Which structure does that follicle become?

ADH is released when plasma water is low. Which target structure responds by conserving water?

Oxytocin is released during labor and nursing. Which target organs respond?

Growth hormone has its strongest visible effects during childhood and adolescence. Which tissues are major targets?

Glucagon is released when blood glucose falls. Which organ is the main target for releasing stored glucose?

Calcitonin is released when blood calcium is high. Which tissue is its primary target for storing mineral?

PTH is released when blood calcium is low. Which organ does it target to reduce calcium loss in urine?

An anterior pituitary tropic hormone drives the outer layer above each kidney to secrete cortisol. Which hormone is it?

A tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary drives the neck gland around the trachea to release T3 and T4. Which hormone is it?

A pituitary tropic hormone drives the ovaries to mature egg-containing structures before ovulation. Which hormone is it?

In the testes, a pituitary tropic hormone acts on seminiferous tubules to support sperm production. Which hormone is it?

A midcycle anterior pituitary surge triggers ovulation from an ovary. Which tropic hormone surges?

In the testes, a pituitary tropic hormone drives interstitial cells to secrete testosterone. Which hormone is it?