A club poster says: "Ana joined our reading club. Her grades went up. Join us and your grades will go up too." Why is this bad logic?

A notice says: "Two pupils dropped litter today. If this goes on, our whole town will be buried in trash by December." What is wrong with the notice?

The canteen sold more juice in June. Absences also rose in June. What can we fairly say from this?

Pupils who own more books scored higher on a reading test. A writer says buying books raises test scores. Why is this conclusion too strong?

A club had 10 members in June, 20 in July, and 40 in August. Which conclusion do these three numbers support?

A speech says: "Plant one tree in our yard and our school will surely win the national clean-school award." What makes this bad logic?

All 120 Grade 6 pupils answered a survey. Ninety said they walk to school. The report says, "Most Grade 6 pupils here walk to school." Is the report fair?

Sixty of the 100 Grade 5 pupils asked chose basketball as their favorite sport. What conclusion reaches too far beyond this evidence?

A poster reads: "Our canteen sold soup on Monday. Monday's quiz scores were the highest all year. Eat soup and score higher!" Which technique does the poster use?

A leaflet lists only the good points of the new club schedule and leaves out the practice time pupils will lose. Which technique is this?

An ad says: "Pupils who wear our school shoes run faster." What evidence would make this claim stronger?

A weather club reads that rain is likely tomorrow. What can the club fairly tell pupils?

A health notice says: "Three pupils fell on the wet stairs this week. Please walk slowly until the floor dries." Is this bad logic?

A speaker says: "My cousin studied late one night and passed the test. Studying late always works." Which word shows that the claim reaches too far?

A garden club's plants grew 2 cm each week for four weeks. A member writes, "In ten years these plants will be taller than our school." What is the mistake?

More pupils carried umbrellas on the days the canteen sold hot soup. A pupil says umbrellas make people want soup. What is a better explanation?

A reporter asked one pupil, who liked the new lunch menu. The report then said, "Pupils love the new menu." Why is the report weak?

A shop notice says: "Sales of notebooks and rain boots both rose in July, so notebooks make people buy boots." This conclusion is supported by the evidence.

A club counted all 40 of its members and found 30 of them are in Grade 6. Writing "Most of our members are in Grade 6" stays inside this evidence.

All 25 pupils in Class A returned their forms today. What can a reader fairly conclude?