In a chain, grass → grasshopper → frog → snake. What does the arrow from grass to grasshopper show?

In a pond chain, algae → zooplankton → small fish → heron. What happens when small fish eat zooplankton?

In a forest chain, oak leaves → caterpillars → blue jays → hawks. Which organism eats the caterpillars?

A desert chain is cactus fruit → pack rat → rattlesnake → hawk. Where does energy move right after the pack rat?

Use the meadow food web. Which pair gets energy directly from clover?

In an ocean chain, phytoplankton → krill → penguin → leopard seal. Which statement matches the arrows?

In a food web, seeds → mice, mice → snakes, and mice → owls. What do the arrows from mice show?

In a stream chain, algae → mayfly nymphs → trout → otters. When trout eat mayfly nymphs, what direction does energy move?

In a kelp forest chain, kelp → sea urchin → sea otter. Which organism is eaten by the sea urchin?

Use the marsh food web. Which path carries cattail energy to frogs?

In a pond, algae are eaten by snails, and snails are eaten by fish. What trophic role do the snails have?

Oak trees make acorns that mice eat. What trophic role do the oak trees have?

Dead leaves are broken down by mushrooms, and nutrients return to the soil. What role do the mushrooms have?

In the chain prairie grass → grasshopper → lizard → hawk, what trophic level is the lizard?

Phytoplankton are eaten by copepods, and copepods are eaten by sardines. What role do copepods have?

In a web, berry bushes feed rabbits, and rabbits feed foxes. No predator of foxes is shown. What role do foxes have in this web?

Bacteria break down a dead fish on a pond bottom. What trophic role are the bacteria filling?

In the chain grass → zebra → lion, what trophic role does the zebra have?

Hawks eat mice, and mice eat grass seeds. A disease reduces hawks. What short-term change is most likely for mice?

Wolves eat deer, and deer browse young trees. If wolves increase, what short-term effect on deer is most likely?

Frogs eat grasshoppers in a wetland. If an insecticide reduces grasshoppers, what is the most likely short-term effect on frogs?

Kelp is eaten by sea urchins, and sea urchins are eaten by sea otters. If sea otters decrease, what is most likely for sea urchins?

Rabbits eat meadow grass, and foxes eat rabbits. If rabbits increase quickly, what short-term change is likely for meadow grass?

A drought reduces prairie grass. Prairie dogs depend on that grass for food. What is the most likely short-term effect on prairie dogs?

Snakes eat mice, and mice eat seeds. If many snakes are removed, what is most likely to happen to seeds after mice respond?

Snails eat pond algae. If a disease kills much of the algae, what short-term change is likely for snails?

Flowering plants feed butterflies, and butterflies feed small birds. If flowering plants increase, what short-term effect is likely for butterflies?

An invasive fish eats zooplankton, and zooplankton eat algae. If invasive fish increase, what short-term change is likely for algae?

A fungus kills many oak trees that produce acorns. Squirrels depend on acorns. What short-term effect on squirrels is most likely?

Foxes eat rabbits, and rabbits eat meadow grass. If many foxes are removed, what likely happens to meadow grass after rabbits respond?

An energy pyramid has grasses at the base, rabbits above grasses, foxes above rabbits, and eagles at the top. Which level has the most energy?

In the chain algae → zooplankton → small fish → heron, which organism has the least available energy?

An energy pyramid starts with 10,000 kJ in grass. About 10% transfers to rabbits. How much energy is available to rabbits?

Primary consumers in a pond have 800 kJ of energy, but only about 80 kJ reaches secondary consumers. What happens to most of the other 720 kJ?

Why do top predators usually have smaller populations than organisms lower in an energy pyramid?

In the chain corn → mouse → snake → hawk, how does available energy compare between mice and hawks?

A marine pyramid is phytoplankton at the base, then krill, then cod, then seals. Which level can support the greatest biomass?

A class model shows some energy leaving as heat at every feeding step. Where is available energy greatest in the pyramid?

A pyramid has 5,000 kJ in producers. Using the 10% rule, how much energy reaches tertiary consumers after producer → primary → secondary → tertiary?

In grass → rabbit → fox, a new predator eats foxes. Compared with foxes, what energy is available to the new predator?