English colonists near Jamestown made agreements with Powhatan leaders about land. The colonists expected the land to belong to them forever. How did many Powhatan people understand the same agreement?

In 1621 the Wampanoag nation and the Plymouth colonists agreed to an alliance. Along with keeping peace and returning stolen tools, what did each side promise the other?

Squanto, also called Tisquantum, was a Patuxet man who had lived in Europe and spoke English. What is he known for doing at Plymouth beginning in 1621?

In the 1600s, Dutch traders along the Hudson River wanted beaver furs, and Haudenosaunee traders brought furs to them. What did the Haudenosaunee traders receive in exchange?

Pocahontas was a Powhatan woman during the first years of the Jamestown colony. What is she known for doing?

Diseases such as smallpox came to North America on European ships. Because these illnesses were new to the continent and no one had built up resistance, what happened in many Indigenous nations?

Wampanoag farmers grew corn, beans, and squash together in one field, and colonists at Plymouth learned to farm this way. What did the colonists gain by doing so?

William Penn founded Pennsylvania in 1681. Before Quaker settlers moved onto land near the Delaware River, what did Penn do about land the Lenape nation lived on?

In 1737 Pennsylvania officials said an old paper let them take all the land a man could walk in a day and a half, then hired fast runners. What happened to the Lenape?

By the 1670s, growing disputes over land and broken agreements between the Wampanoag and New England colonists led to a major conflict known as King Philip's War.

Before European settlers arrived, what was true about Indigenous peoples in North America?

Why is it respectful to use the name of a specific Indigenous nation, such as Wampanoag or Powhatan, when possible?

Many early meetings between Indigenous peoples and European settlers included trade.

In the fall of 1621 the Plymouth colonists held a harvest feast. Which Wampanoag leader came to it with about 90 of his men?

What is one reason European settlers traded with Indigenous peoples?

True or False: The English colony at Jamestown was started before the colony at Plymouth.

Who was Samoset in the story of Plymouth?

What did the English settlers at Jamestown often need from the Powhatan peoples in the early years?

Which statement best describes relations between Jamestown settlers and the Powhatan Confederacy?

What is diplomacy?

Treaties were maps that colonial governments drew to show where rivers and mountains were.

Jamestown colonists began growing tobacco to sell in England. Why did this lead to more conflict with the Powhatan?

European settlement sometimes pushed Indigenous peoples off their homelands.

English colonists often let their pigs and cattle roam free. What harm did this often cause Indigenous farmers?

Which item was part of the Columbian Exchange?

The fur trade connected Indigenous hunters and traders with Spanish and Portuguese traders along the Hudson River.

What was a wampum belt often used for by some Indigenous nations in the Northeast?

The Haudenosaunee Confederacy was a union of Indigenous nations with its own government.

How did some Indigenous nations use alliances with European powers?

English words such as raccoon, moose, and squash came from Indigenous languages that settlers learned.

What is one example of Indigenous resistance to Spanish colonial rule?

Why should students look at both Indigenous and settler perspectives in historical sources?

A primary source is a book written long after an event by someone who studied it later.

Which question would help a historian think carefully about a settler’s diary entry?

What does the word 'settler' usually mean in early American history?

When John White returned to Roanoke in 1590, the colonists were gone. What clue had they left that pointed to a nearby Indigenous group?

Colonists learned to use canoes, snowshoes, and moccasins from Indigenous peoples, and many Indigenous peoples began using metal kettles and tools from Europe. What is this kind of sharing called?

Why did some settlers depend on Indigenous guides and maps?

Many treaties between Indigenous nations and colonial or U.S. governments were later broken.

Why did French fur traders in New France often have fewer land fights with Indigenous nations than English farmers did?