Mia lies in bed for hours most nights and feels tired at school because she cannot fall asleep or stay asleep. Which sleep disorder fits best?

During an exciting conversation, Leo suddenly loses muscle control and collapses while remaining conscious. Minutes later he is alert again. Which disorder is most likely?

Jordan snores loudly, repeatedly stops breathing during sleep, and wakes up gasping. Which sleep disorder matches these symptoms?

A child sits up screaming in deep sleep, has a racing pulse, is hard to wake, and remembers little the next morning. Which disorder is this?

A teenager gets out of bed during NREM sleep, walks around the house, and later has little memory of doing it. Which disorder fits?

Sam falls asleep suddenly during class, even after a full night's sleep, and cannot resist the sleep episodes. Which disorder best explains this?

A student reports months of waking up many times each night and being unable to return to sleep, without breathing pauses or sudden sleep attacks. Which disorder fits?

Nora is found standing in the hallway at night with a blank look and returns to bed when guided; she recalls almost nothing in the morning. Which disorder is most likely?

Pat's doctor finds that Pat's airway keeps collapsing during sleep and prescribes a CPAP machine that pushes air through a mask all night. Which disorder is being treated?

Which feature best separates night terrors from nightmares?

What feature distinguishes narcolepsy from insomnia?

A student asks how sleep apnea differs from ordinary insomnia. Which feature points specifically to sleep apnea?

Which feature separates sleepwalking from nightmares?

A psychologist says dreams express hidden desires and conflicts in a disguised, symbolic form. Which theory of dreaming is this?

A researcher argues that dreams are stories the cortex creates while trying to interpret random brainstem signals. Which theory is this?

A teacher says dreaming helps people sort through the day's events and organize recent experiences. Which theory matches that claim?

A sleep scientist claims dreaming helps stabilize newly learned material so it can be retained. Which explanation does this reflect?

A student says a dream about missing a bus really hides anxiety about being unprepared for graduation. Which dream theory is being used?

A theory says bizarre dream plots happen because the sleeping brain tries to weave unrelated neural bursts into a coherent story. Which theory is this?

A researcher predicts that after studying a maze, sleep will help the brain strengthen the memory traces needed to remember it. Which theory fits?

After a tense argument with her best friend, Ana dreams about the argument and wakes up calmer about it. Which theory sees this dream as helping her work through the day's emotional concerns?

Which dream theory did J. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley propose in 1977?

Which dream theory is most often criticized as hard to test scientifically, because almost any dream can be read as hiding some forbidden desire?

According to Freud, the storyline a dreamer actually remembers and describes on waking is the dream's ___ content, as opposed to its hidden, disguised meaning.

During a typical night, REM sleep periods generally become longer and more frequent toward when?