A Prussian officer joined the Continental Army at Valley Forge in February 1778, drilled the troops in a single standard system, and wrote the manual the army used for decades. Who was he?

A Polish cavalry officer organized and commanded a Continental cavalry legion and was mortally wounded leading a charge at the siege of Savannah in 1779. Who was he?

A Polish engineer laid out the American fortifications on Bemis Heights before the fighting at Saratoga and later designed the defenses at West Point. Who was he?

Which American general commanded the northern army that received General Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga in October 1777?

After the American defeat at Camden, one general took over the southern army, divided his force, and wore Cornwallis down through long marches and costly battles such as Guilford Courthouse without ever winning a clear victory. Who was he?

At Cowpens in January 1781 an American commander posted militia in front to fire and then withdraw, catching Banastre Tarleton's advancing troops between his regulars and his cavalry. Who was he?

Commanding the Bonhomme Richard off the English coast in 1779, an American captain refused to surrender and took the British warship Serapis even as his own ship was sinking. Who was he?

A Virginia militia officer led a small force into the Illinois country in 1778 and 1779, taking Kaskaskia and then Vincennes after a winter march through flooded ground. Who was he?

In May 1775 the leader of the Green Mountain Boys, acting alongside Benedict Arnold, seized Fort Ticonderoga and its cannon from a small British garrison. Who was he?

A Boston bookseller turned officer hauled cannon from Fort Ticonderoga to Boston over the winter of 1775-76 and went on to serve as the Continental Army's chief of artillery. Who was he?

A South Carolina partisan leader struck British supply lines and outposts from bases in the swamps and avoided open battle, earning the nickname the Swamp Fox. Who was he?

In June 1776 Congress named a committee of five to prepare a statement of independence. Its Virginia member wrote the draft that the others revised. Who was he?

Major John Andre, a British officer, went behind American lines in September 1780 to arrange Benedict Arnold's surrender of West Point and was caught carrying the plans. What happened to him?

On the night of 25-26 December 1776 Washington ferried his army across the ice-choked Delaware River and marched on Trenton. What followed?

In 1777 General Burgoyne pushed south from Canada toward Albany and was forced to surrender his army at Saratoga. What followed in Europe?

In 1781 Cornwallis marched into Virginia and fortified Yorktown on a peninsula, counting on supply and rescue by sea. What followed?

In March 1783 unpaid officers at Newburgh circulated an anonymous appeal pressing Congress. Washington appeared unannounced at their meeting and read a prepared address urging them to reject it. What followed?

In 1770 John Adams agreed to defend the British soldiers charged with killing five men in the Boston Massacre. What was the outcome of the soldiers' trial?

In February 1777, with smallpox spreading through the camps, Washington ordered that the whole Continental Army be inoculated against the disease. What followed?

In September 1777 General Howe's army occupied Philadelphia, where the Continental Congress had been meeting. What did Congress do?

Named Superintendent of Finance in 1781, Robert Morris pressed Congress to charter a national bank. What resulted?

A pamphlet published in December 1776 began: "THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country." Who wrote it?

A series of essays published in 1767 and 1768 as "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" argued that Parliament could regulate colonial trade but could not tax the colonies to raise revenue. Who wrote them?

Writing to his wife on 3 July 1776, one delegate predicted that the day would be "celebrated by succeeding Generations, as the great anniversary Festival," with "Pomp and Parade" and "Bonfires and Illuminations." Who wrote it?

Poems published in London in 1773 by an enslaved woman in Boston included lines asking the Earl of Dartmouth to "wonder from whence my love of Freedom sprung," recalling being "snatch'd from Afric's fancy'd happy seat." Who wrote them?

A Massachusetts writer who had published political satires during the imperial crisis brought out a three-volume "History of the Rise, Progress and Termination of the American Revolution" in 1805. Who was she?

A proclamation issued by Virginia's royal governor on 7 November 1775 declared "all indented Servants, Negroes, or others, (appertaining to Rebels,) free" if they were able and willing to bear arms for the King. Who issued it?

Congress sent an elderly and already famous commissioner to France in December 1776. He stayed there through the war, securing the alliance of 1778 and repeated loans and subsidies. Who was he?

Sailing on a mission to the Dutch Republic in 1780, an American diplomat was captured at sea, held in the Tower of London for fifteen months, released in an exchange for Cornwallis, and then joined the peace commission in Paris. Who was he?

Which American diplomat served as minister to Spain and then went to Paris, where he insisted that the British commissioners deal with the United States as an independent country before talks could go forward?

A Philadelphia broker born in Poland handled bills of exchange for the Superintendent of Finance and lent money to members of Congress and to army officers. Who was he?

Washington needed steady intelligence out of British-held New York, so a young Continental dragoon officer from Long Island organized and ran the Culper spy ring for him. Who was he?

In September 1776 a Yale-educated Connecticut captain volunteered to gather intelligence on British-held Long Island, was caught in civilian clothes, and was hanged without a trial. Who was he?

One man served as secretary of the Continental Congress from 1774 until it ended in 1789, kept its journals, and had his name printed with the president's on the first broadside of the Declaration. Who was he?

A Massachusetts-born official who later became royal governor had his Boston house sacked by a mob in 1765, refused to let the tea ships leave the harbor in 1773, and sailed for England in 1774. Who was he?

In a letter to her husband dated 31 March 1776 a Massachusetts woman urged the new lawmakers to "Remember the Ladies" and warned that women would not hold themselves bound by laws in which they had no voice. Who wrote it?

In 1782 a Massachusetts woman enlisted in the 4th Massachusetts Regiment under the name Robert Shurtliff, served about seventeen months, and years later was granted a military pension. Who was she?

An enslaved Virginian passed himself off as a runaway servant, worked in the British camp and carried information to Lafayette before Yorktown; Virginia freed him in 1787 after Lafayette wrote on his behalf. Who was he?

In December 1775 fourteen Massachusetts officers petitioned the General Court about a Black soldier who at the battle on Charlestown's hills "behaved like an experienced officer, as well as an excellent soldier." Who was he?

A Mohawk leader schooled in a colonial academy traveled to London, returned to fight for the Crown, and brought most of the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy into the war on the British side. Who was he?