A 1970 reorganization plan pulled scattered federal programs on air, water, pesticides and solid waste into a single new agency, which opened on December 2, 1970. Which agency was created?

A 1970 law directed the federal government to set national air quality standards that every state had to meet, and ordered sharp cuts in the pollution coming from new cars. Which law was it?

A 1972 law set the goal of making the nation's rivers and lakes fishable and swimmable, and required a permit before pollutants could be discharged into navigable waters. Which law was it?

A 1973 law allowed the federal government to list species as endangered or threatened, to protect the habitat they depend on, and to bar federal actions likely to harm them. Which law was it?

On March 28, 1979, a loss of cooling water and mistaken operator responses caused a partial meltdown of a reactor core at a plant near Middletown, Pennsylvania. What is this accident usually called?

Signed on January 1, 1970, this law requires federal agencies to prepare a written statement of the environmental effects of major projects such as highways and dams before approving them. Which law is it?

In 1978 families in a Niagara Falls, New York neighborhood learned their homes and school stood on a buried chemical dump, and President Carter declared a federal emergency. Which 1980 law set up a federal program to clean up abandoned toxic waste sites?

After the 1979 partial meltdown at a Pennsylvania nuclear plant, what happened to nuclear power in the United States?

A 1970 federal law ordered new 1975-model cars to cut hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions by about 90 percent. How did automakers meet that standard, and what fuel change came with it?

In October 1973 OPEC members cut off oil shipments to the United States and drivers waited in long lines at gas stations. Which fuel-saving policy did Congress and President Nixon adopt in January 1974?

In January 1969 a blown-out offshore well fouled beaches near Santa Barbara, California, and that June the polluted Cuyahoga River in Cleveland caught fire. What nationwide observance followed on April 22, 1970?

By the mid-1980s millions of people were living and working in the United States without legal status. Which 1986 law penalized employers who knowingly hired them and offered legal status to those in the country since 1982?

In 1979 a Baptist minister from Lynchburg, Virginia, whose Sunday broadcasts reached a national audience, organized conservative Christians to register and vote. What was his new organization called?

In Roe v. Wade (1973) the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that made most abortions a crime. On what constitutional ground did the majority rest that decision?

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), a medical school had reserved 16 of its 100 places for minority applicants judged separately. What did the Supreme Court hold?

Congress approved the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972 and sent it to the states, and it became part of the Constitution when the extended deadline passed on June 30, 1982.

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 bars sex discrimination in any education program or activity that receives federal money, not only in school sports.

The 1980 census reapportioned the House of Representatives: New York lost five seats, while Florida gained four and Texas gained three. What does that change show about the country during the 1970s?

During the 1970s and 1980s steel mills and auto plants shut down in cities such as Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit and Buffalo, and factory jobs disappeared. What name was given to this band of older industrial states?

Houston, Phoenix and Atlanta grew quickly in the 1970s and 1980s. Which pair of conditions best explains that growth?

Immigration to the United States rose through the 1970s and 1980s. Which regions sent the largest numbers of immigrants in those two decades?

A cable channel that began broadcasting on August 1, 1981 played music videos around the clock and made a band's look and video central to selling records. What was it?

Home videocassette recorders let families tape a broadcast program and watch it later. In the 1984 Sony Betamax case the Supreme Court decided whether that violated copyright. What did the Court rule?

The Apple II went on sale in 1977 and IBM's Personal Computer in 1981. What did machines like these change?

In the 1970s and 1980s preachers such as Oral Roberts, Pat Robertson and Jimmy Swaggart built large national followings by broadcasting religious programs on television. What is this kind of ministry called?