A student argues for more shade trees. Her paper states: "Narra trees can live for more than a hundred years." What category of support is this statement?

A report states: "In a survey of 200 riders, 68 percent called the route too slow. Most riders in this city therefore want a faster route." What category of support is the second sentence?

A letter to the editor says: "I waited fifty minutes at that stop last Monday and missed my first class." What category of support is this?

A civil engineer with twenty years on road projects writes: "A second lane at this junction will not shorten the morning delay." What category of support is this?

An essay states: "At sea level, pure water boils at 100 degrees Celsius." What category of support is this statement?

A school paper reports: "Nine of our ten Grade 8 sections raised their test average. The new reading period is therefore working across the whole school." What category is the conclusion?

A student writes: "My grandmother sold vegetables in that market for thirty years, and she says the stalls flood every June." What category of support is this?

A nurse who runs the school clinic writes: "From what I see each week, the canteen should sell fewer sweet drinks." What category of support is this?

An article notes: "Jose Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere was published in 1887." What category of support is this statement?

A report states: "We tested 40 of the town's 1,200 wells and 10 were salty. About a quarter of the town's wells are likely salty." What category is the second sentence?

A farmer writes: "I planted the same seed for three seasons on my own land, and my harvest fell each year." What category of support is this?

A marine biologist who has studied the bay since 2005 writes: "I judge that this reef will not recover without a fishing ban." What category of support is this?

A textbook states: "Mount Apo is the highest mountain in the Philippines." What category of support is this statement?

A campus writer reports: "We timed 150 students at the gate and the average wait was four minutes. The new gate has therefore cut waiting for students overall." What category is the conclusion?

A tricycle driver writes: "On my own route I now use one liter less fuel each day since the road was repaved." What category of support is this?

A poster claims that all students want longer breaks. The writer asked only the twelve members of her own club. What limitation weakens that figure?

A stall's sign reads: "Sales up 200 percent this month!" The stall sold two items last month and six this month. What limitation attaches to that figure?

A graph shows test scores climbing steeply. Its vertical scale starts at 70 rather than 0 and rises by ones. What limitation attaches to this presentation?

A radio show asked listeners to text in. Of the 900 who texted, 80 percent opposed the curfew, and the host says the city opposes it. What limitation weakens this?

A report notes: "Barangays with more bookstores have higher reading scores, so opening bookstores raises scores." What limitation attaches to this inference?

A school reports an average family income of PHP 40,000 a month. Most families earn near PHP 15,000 and a few earn over PHP 300,000. What limitation does the average have?

A headline reads: "City A had 300 dengue cases; City B had 90." City A holds two million people and City B holds 100,000. What limitation does the comparison have?

A writer supports a 2026 proposal with a survey run in 2009. The survey itself was large and carefully done. What limitation attaches to it?

A club surveyed shoppers at one mall on a Saturday and concluded that most people in the province shop online each week. What limitation weakens this?

An advertisement says: "Four out of five users prefer our soap." It never says how many users were asked or how they were chosen. What limitation attaches to the figure?

A poster says: "Accidents fell by half after our sign went up." Accidents at that corner fell from four to two in a single month. What limitation attaches to this?

A student cites one study of 30 pupils in one school to claim that music helps every learner memorize. What limitation attaches to this support?

A group claims a new footbridge made the whole highway safer. Their data cover only crashes at the crossing where the bridge stands. Which claim does the data actually support?

A canteen says its new menu made students healthier. It measured only that vegetable servings sold rose by a third. Which claim does that figure actually support?

A report says a reading program raised the school's English ability. It tested spelling alone, and spelling scores rose. Which claim does the result actually support?

A poster claims a vitamin drink makes children taller. The study behind it found only that children who drank it slept longer. Which claim does the study actually support?

A city says its recycling drive cut total waste. Records show only that collected plastic dropped by 20 percent. Which claim do the records actually support?

A coach says a new drill made the team fitter. The only thing measured was that players' sprint times improved. Which claim does that measurement support?

A shop claims its lamp saves families money. The test showed only that the lamp uses fewer watts than an older bulb. Which claim does the test actually support?

A writer says a curfew made the town peaceful. Police records show only that reported noise complaints fell. Which claim do the records actually support?

A group says a river is now clean. Its testing covered one point near the bridge, where oxygen levels improved. Which claim does the testing actually support?

A teacher says tablets improved learning. The school recorded only that homework was submitted on time more often. Which claim does that record actually support?

An article says a vaccine drive protected the province. Its figures show only that vaccination rose in the two towns where the mobile clinic ran. Which claim do the figures actually support?

The statement "pure water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius at sea level" counts as factual knowledge rather than as statistical inference.

A percentage taken from a sample of ten people is enough to describe how a whole city thinks.