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by BlastRoom
Resting potential, depolarization, repolarization and why the response is all or none.
#us_hs_anatomy_physiology
20 questions
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At rest a neuron is about -70 mV, with Na+ concentrated outside and K+ inside. What process maintains those two concentration gradients?
A resting axon stays near -70 mV mainly because of ions moving through leak channels. Which movement makes the inside relatively negative?
At -70 mV, most voltage-gated channels for the rapid upstroke are closed. What does that do to Na+ movement at that resting patch?
The pump at a resting membrane moves 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ it brings in. What direct electrical effect does that ratio have?
If ATP loss stops the pump while the neuron sits near -70 mV, what happens to the Na+ and K+ gradients over time?
A small stimulus changes a membrane patch from -70 mV to -60 mV, still below threshold. Which ion movement caused that depolarizing shift?
At threshold, the voltage at one axon patch shoots from about -55 mV toward +30 mV. Which movement drives the rapid rise?
After the peak, voltage falls from about +30 mV back toward -70 mV. Which movement mainly produces this fall?
Right at the voltage peak, Na+ channels are inactivating just as K+ channels finish opening. What is true of the net ion current across the membrane at that instant?
A membrane patch dips from -70 mV to about -80 mV after an impulse. Which movement best explains this undershoot?
After hyperpolarization, a patch moves from about -80 mV back toward -70 mV as extra gates close. Which change helps the voltage recover?
A patch reaches about -55 mV, the usual threshold for many neurons. What happens at that patch immediately next?
Voltage at a patch has just peaked near +30 mV. What happens there immediately afterward?
A patch has repolarized to -70 mV, but voltage-gated K+ channels have not finished closing. What happens next at that same patch?
Local current from an active patch brings the next node from -70 mV to threshold. What happens immediately at that next node?
After an action potential, a patch is repolarizing and its Na+ channels are inactive. What must happen there before that patch can fire again?
A stimulus reaches threshold and triggers a 100 mV action potential. If the stimulus is twice as strong, what happens to the spike amplitude at that neuron?
A stimulus raises an axon patch from -70 mV to only -60 mV when threshold is -55 mV. What follows at that patch?
A patch is in the absolute refractory period just after its voltage peak. What happens if a second stimulus arrives there immediately?
A stronger-than-threshold stimulus continues after the refractory period ends. What can encode the stronger stimulus in an axon?
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The Spinal Cord, Meninges and the Reflex Arc
30 questions
