A researcher assigns students by coin flip to study with music or in silence, then compares their test scores. The music condition is what variable?

A study defines stress as the number of times a student checks a phone during a 30-minute quiz. What is this definition called?

Ice cream sales and drownings both rise in summer, so a headline claims ice cream causes drowning. What research problem does that claim ignore?

Most workers at a company earn about $42,000, but the CEO earns $2 million. Which statistic best resists that extreme outlier?

The research method that records behavior where it normally happens, without manipulating variables, is called what?

After a stroke, a patient understands speech but produces only slow, halting words. Damage to which area is most likely?

After a near crash, Luis's pupils widen, his heart races, and his palms sweat. Which autonomic branch is most active?

Which neurotransmitter is most directly involved in transmitting signals from motor neurons to skeletal muscles?

A patient can talk normally but cannot form new long-term memories after damage to a medial temporal lobe structure. Which structure is most likely damaged?

A disorder with tremors and slowed movement is linked to the loss of neurons that produce which neurotransmitter?

Which brain structure helps coordinate balance, posture, and fine motor movement?

A swimmer notices the pool water feels cold at first, but after a minute it feels normal. What process is this?

The minimum stimulation a person can detect 50% of the time is called what?

In sensation, converting light, sound, or pressure into neural impulses is called what?

A rectangular door still looks rectangular as it swings open, even though its image on the retina becomes a trapezoid. What perception is this?

At a loud party, Maya focuses on one friend's voice while other voices fade into the background. What process is she using?

A dog drools when the cupboard opens because food has always followed that sound. In this learned response, the cupboard sound is what?

A car's annoying seat belt buzzer stops when Dana buckles up, so she buckles faster next time. What is this?

A slot machine pays after an unpredictable number of lever pulls. Which reinforcement schedule is being used?

A teacher gives a quiz every Friday, and students study hardest on Thursday night. Which schedule best fits?

Bandura's Bobo doll study showed that children could learn aggressive acts mainly through what process?

Asked to recall a list of words, Nina remembers the first few and the last few best. What effect is this?

Omar keeps entering his old locker combination instead of the new one. What memory problem is this?

After learning a new phone number, Leah cannot remember her old one. What memory problem is this?

The smell of sunscreen suddenly helps Jay remember a childhood beach trip. What kind of memory aid is the smell?

Grouping information into meaningful units, such as remembering 149217761865 as dates, is called what?

Tara repeats a rumor as true but cannot remember whether she heard it from a news site or a friend. What memory error is this?

Told a quiet man who loves books is either a librarian or a salesperson, most people guess librarian and ignore base rates. Which heuristic is this?

After seeing repeated news of plane crashes, Ava overestimates the danger of flying because examples come to mind easily. Which heuristic is this?

During a repair, Ben cannot think to use a coin as a screwdriver because he sees it only as money. What obstacle is this?

Mia searches only for articles that support her belief and ignores studies that challenge it. What thinking error is this?

Alfred Binet's first intelligence test was designed chiefly to identify children who needed what?

An 8-month-old searches under a blanket for a toy that was hidden there. Which Piaget stage best fits?

A four-year-old says the tall thin glass has more juice than the short wide glass it was poured from. Which Piaget stage is she in?

A child can solve a puzzle with a teacher's hints but not alone. Vygotsky would place the puzzle in what range?

A teenager tries different beliefs, friendships, and career ideas while asking who she wants to become. Which Erikson crisis is central?

A child says cheating is wrong because rules keep the class fair and teachers approve of following them. Which Kohlberg level is this?

Ainsworth's Strange Situation is used to classify what in infants and caregivers?

A student has repeated intrusive thoughts that her hands are contaminated and washes them for hours to reduce anxiety. What disorder best fits?

For more than two weeks, Leo has depressed mood, little interest in activities, sleep changes, and low energy. What disorder best fits?

A person hears voices others do not hear, holds fixed false beliefs, and speaks in disorganized sentences. What disorder family best fits?

Nia has sudden episodes of terror with chest tightness and then worries for weeks about having another episode. What disorder best fits?

A therapist helps a client identify automatic negative thoughts, test the evidence, and practice more balanced thoughts. What approach is this?

A program where clients earn chips for desired behaviors and trade them for privileges is what therapy technique?

A person woken about 90 minutes after falling asleep reports a vivid, story-like dream and briefly cannot move. Which sleep stage fits best?

A sleep lab record shows slow delta waves, and the sleeper is very hard to wake. Which stage is this?

Alcohol and benzodiazepines are classified as what type of psychoactive drug because they slow central nervous system activity?

A traveler cannot fall asleep at the local bedtime after crossing many time zones; her internal clock is out of sync. What rhythm is disrupted?

A student's heart pounds before a speech, and she labels that arousal as excitement instead of fear. Which emotion theory fits best?

When a dog lunges, Amir feels fear and his heart races at the same time. Which emotion theory predicts this pattern?

In Selye's general adaptation syndrome, the stress response proceeds through which sequence?

Jada practices piano because she enjoys mastering difficult songs, not because anyone pays her. What kind of motivation is this?

A student rates himself high on orderliness, meeting deadlines, and following through on plans. Which Big Five trait is strongest?

Ravi is angry at his teammate but insists the teammate is the one who is angry at him. Which defense mechanism is this?

In Freud's model, which part of personality operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification?

A therapist accepts a client as a person even while discussing harmful choices. Rogers called this attitude what?

A committee of like-minded members discusses a proposal and leaves with an even more extreme version of its original view. This is what?

Asch's line-judgment studies showed that people sometimes do what when a unanimous group gives a clearly wrong answer?

Several people see someone collapse, and each assumes another witness will call for help. What social process is shown?

After arguing for a policy she privately dislikes, Ana feels tension and changes her attitude to view the policy more favorably. What is this?