A huge dry drainage basin in central Australia has rivers such as Cooper Creek and the Diamantina that flow inland toward a salt lake below sea level, not to the ocean. Name the basin.

A southeast Australian river basin supplies much of the country's irrigated farmland, and its rivers reach the sea through Lake Alexandrina in South Australia. What basin is this?

An eastern highland chain runs roughly parallel to Australia's Pacific coast and separates wetter coastal slopes from drier inland plains. Identify this range.

A broad, very flat limestone plain borders the Great Australian Bight and is famous for having few trees across much of it. What landform is described?

A long coral reef system lies in the Coral Sea off northeastern Queensland and includes thousands of reefs and islands. What feature is this?

A large desert spreads across Western Australia and South Australia north of the Nullarbor, with dunes, salt lakes, and sparse vegetation. Name it.

On New Zealand's South Island, a glacier-cut mountain chain rises near the west coast and creates a rain shadow to the east. Which range is it?

A mountain system crosses Antarctica and separates the high East Antarctic ice sheet from lower West Antarctica. What is it called?

Darwin stays hot all year and gets most of its rain in the summer wet season, followed by months with little rain. Which climate zone fits?

Central Australia around Alice Springs has hot summers, a large day-night temperature range, and very low rainfall in most years. Which climate zone fits?

Perth has hot dry summers and cool rainy winters because seasonal wind belts shift over southwestern Australia. Which climate zone is this?

Australia's east coast near Sydney and Brisbane has warm to hot summers, mild winters, and rainfall in all seasons from moist Pacific air. What climate is this?

Western Tasmania and New Zealand's west coast have mild temperatures, a small seasonal range, and frequent rain from westerlies year-round. Which climate zone fits?

The interior of Antarctica stays below freezing and receives very little precipitation, mostly as snow. Which climate type best describes it?

A windward tropical island station in Samoa is warm every month and has heavy rain in every season, with no true dry month. Which climate zone is this?

Above the snow line in New Zealand's highest mountains, temperatures stay cold and snow and ice persist while nearby lowlands are mild. What climate is this?

Moist Pacific air drops much of its rain on Australia's east coast, while inland slopes are much drier. What control explains this pattern?

Western Australia's coastal deserts lie near the subtropical high and beside a cool eastern-boundary current. Why does that combination limit rain?

New Zealand's West Coast is much wetter than Canterbury on the east side of the Southern Alps. What is the main reason?

On many Hawaiian Islands, northeast-facing slopes are wetter than southwest leeward slopes. What causes the difference?

Antarctica receives little snowfall, yet its ice sheet persists for thousands of years. What condition lets snow accumulate instead of melting away?

Coral polyps build the Great Barrier Reef in shallow tropical water off Queensland. Which physical condition allows reef growth there?

A ring-shaped Pacific reef surrounds a central lagoon with no island in the middle. What process best explains how this atoll formed?

A Pacific island has a steep forested cone, young lava soils, permanent streams, and a fringing reef. What island type is it?

An island is a narrow ring of coral sand around a lagoon, only a few feet above sea level, with a thin freshwater lens. What island type is it?

An island has coral limestone cliffs and terraces lifted above sea level, porous rock, caves, and thin soils. What island type is it?

A very large Pacific island has old continental rocks, high mountains, broad river valleys, and varied minerals rather than only coral or young lava. What type is it?

A small island chain sits over a hotspot; its youngest island has broad shield volcanoes and black basalt flows but no lagoon ring. What type is it?

Low coral atolls such as those in Kiribati and Tuvalu rise only a few feet above the sea. Which environmental threat is most serious for people living there?

Western Australia's Pilbara region ships large volumes from vast open-pit mines through ports such as Port Hedland. Which resource dominates that district?

Queensland's Bowen Basin is a major mining district that supplies fuel for steelmaking and power generation. Which resource is it known for?

On Cape York Peninsula near Weipa, lateritic deposits are mined and shipped to alumina refineries. Which resource comes from this district?

South Australia's Olympic Dam mine near Roxby Downs works one of the world's largest known ore bodies. Which resource pair is it best known for?

New Caledonia's laterite deposits on ultramafic rocks are a major source of which metal?

Nauru's raised coral island was strip-mined for most of the 1900s for a fertilizer raw material, leaving a rugged interior of limestone pinnacles. Which resource was extracted?