Only twelve participants took part, so the authors ___ that diet may play a part rather than treating the link as settled.

Three independent surveys found the same pattern, so the results ___ a connection between sleep and concentration.

Because the controlled experiment was repeated by two teams with the same results, the study ___ that the treatment reduced errors.

A decade of records from every region allowed the review to ___ that the tax changed buying habits.

The writer never states it directly, but the falling budget and closed clinics ___ that the service is under pressure.

The report uses three photographs of cracked walls to ___ how poor maintenance affects public housing.

Since the survey measured attitudes only once, the authors ___ a possible link between commuting time and stress.

Meeting notes from 2018 ___ that the decision had been made before the public consultation began.

A new trial found no measurable benefit, so it ___ the earlier claim that the app improves memory.

New figures show emissions rose, so the article ___ the claim that the policy cut pollution.

The algorithm predicted results accurately on unseen data, so the study ___ the model's reliability.

Interviewees described anxiety about unstable contracts, and the author ___ the human impact of short-term work.

After comparing all the data, the review ___ that remote work did not reduce output.

The small change in test scores is not enough to prove success, so the paper only ___ a possible effect.

The committee recommended ___ in two stages.

The report proposes that colleges ___ shared study spaces for part-time students.

The authors contend ___ from students at the start of the course.

The study acknowledges ___ in its sample.

The lecturer advocated ___ public transport before building new roads.

The data indicate ___.

The review concluded ___.

The article challenges ___.

The company claimed ___.

The results demonstrate ___.

The writer concedes that the scheme is costly before arguing that its benefits are greater. The verb concedes shows the writer is

The review refutes the claim that screen use always damages learning. The verb refutes shows the writer is

The article acknowledges that rural clinics face staffing problems. The verb acknowledges shows the writer is

The commentator asserts that the ban will fail, but gives little evidence. The verb asserts shows the writer is

The paper disputes the assumption that higher fees improve quality. The verb disputes shows the writer is

The authors maintain that class size matters, despite recent objections. The verb maintain shows the authors

The report recommends replacing old boilers rather than merely describing them. The verb recommends shows the report is

The analyst observes that complaints rose after the timetable change. The verb observes shows the analyst is

The essay advocates stricter advertising rules for sugary drinks. The verb advocates shows the writer is

In an academic essay, 'The survey says that travel costs matter' is best rewritten with the verb

The sentence 'The report talks about three causes of urban flooding' is more academic with the verb

Replace the informal verb in 'The evidence shows that the method works in small classes.'

For an essay, 'The writer says strongly that fees should not rise' is best expressed with

Upgrade the verb in 'The article uses new data to show the earlier claim is false.'

In an academic sentence, 'The essay says that one answer is to tax empty homes' is best rewritten with

Replace the informal verb in 'The charity says people should cycle to work more often.'