The transatlantic slave trade followed a triangular route across the Atlantic. What was the Middle Passage?

Slave ships sailing the Middle Passage crossed which ocean?

On the first leg of the triangular trade, ships sailed from Europe to the coast of Africa. What did they mainly carry on that leg?

Most captured Africans were forced onto slave ships at ports in which place?

How long did the Atlantic crossing of the Middle Passage usually take?

Historians estimate that about 12.5 million Africans were forced onto slave ships and that about 10.7 million lived to reach the Americas. What does the gap between those numbers show?

Of the Africans who survived the Middle Passage, the largest numbers were landed in which places?

Sugar cane grows well in the warm, rainy climate of the Caribbean islands. How did that climate shape the region's history?

In the Southern Colonies of North America, enslaved Africans were forced to grow which pair of cash crops?

An indentured servant in the colonies worked for a set number of years and was then free. How was the position of an enslaved African different?

Sugar and tobacco plantations needed very large workforces. Why did planters turn to the transatlantic slave trade for that labor?

After contact with Europeans, epidemics of smallpox and other diseases killed a large share of the Indigenous people of the Americas. How did colonists in the Caribbean respond?

The Columbian Exchange moved crops, animals, diseases, and people between the Americas, Europe, and Africa. Which movement of people was part of it?

Ships' records show that captives sometimes rose up against the crew during the Middle Passage. Those uprisings are an example of what?

A ship's captain kept a logbook during a Middle Passage voyage, and a man who had been enslaved on such a voyage later wrote a book about it. What did both accounts record about conditions below deck?

In 1807 the United States Congress passed a law that took effect on January 1, 1808. What did that law do?

The transatlantic slave trade went on for more than three hundred years.

Indigenous peoples in the Americas had never been exposed to diseases such as smallpox before contact with Europeans, so their bodies could not fight the germs off. What word describes the protection a body builds up after earlier exposure to a disease?

In his 1789 book, Olaudah Equiano described being captured as a boy in Africa and carried across the Middle Passage. What kind of source is his book?

Why was the voyage of captives from Africa to the Americas called the "Middle" Passage?

Most Africans brought to the Americas in the slave trade were forced to work without pay.

Why did many European colonists enslave Africans?

Which crops were commonly grown by enslaved people in the Americas?

What does the word “enslaved” mean?

Many enslaved Africans brought rice-growing skills from West Africa, and planters in South Carolina depended on that knowledge.

What was one reason the Middle Passage was so dangerous?

Elmina Castle stands on the coast of present-day Ghana. How was it used during the transatlantic slave trade?

What was a specific way enslaved Africans resisted their captivity?

What happened to many families during the slave trade?

What was a common purpose of “slave auctions” in the Americas?

Which statement best describes the transatlantic slave trade?

Some enslaved Africans resisted slavery by slowing down their work or breaking tools on purpose.

What is one example of cultural strength among enslaved Africans and their descendants?

Olaudah Equiano was kidnapped as a child in Africa and survived the Middle Passage. Why is he remembered today?

What does “triangular trade” usually refer to in this history topic?

Which goods were often sent from the Americas to Europe in Atlantic trade?

What was one way enslaved Africans resisted through organized action?

What was one long-term effect of the slave trade on African societies?

What is the most respectful way to refer to people forced into slavery?

How was the system of slavery mainly enforced in the Americas?