Voters elect both a legislature and a president, and courts can strike down laws that violate the constitution. What system is being described?

In one Sub-Saharan African state, the king inherits power and can overrule elected officials. Citizens do not choose the head of state. What system is this?

Only one political party is legal, that party controls the legislature, and opposition parties cannot compete in elections. What government system fits this pattern?

After soldiers seize power, a council of generals rules by decree instead of holding competitive elections. What type of government is this?

A constitution divides power between a national government and elected state or regional governments. What political structure is being described?

Voters elect a president who serves as both head of state and head of government, separate from the legislature. Which system is this?

A prime minister leads the government only while a majority in parliament supports the cabinet. What system is being described?

A straight colonial-era border cuts through the homeland of one ethnic group. What present political pattern can result?

A boundary drawn as a straight line crosses the seasonal grazing routes of pastoralists. What present issue is most likely?

A country contains many language groups because its borders were drawn without matching where people lived. What political challenge can follow?

A straight boundary divides relatives and markets that once formed one cultural region. What present pattern does this help explain?

A border follows a latitude line rather than a river, mountain range, or settlement area. What does this shape suggest about present politics?

A straight-line border places parts of the same ethnic group in two neighboring countries. What political result is possible today?

A country earns most export income from cocoa. A severe crop disease lowers the harvest for one year. What is the most direct economic effect?

Oil makes up most of a government's export revenue. If the world oil price drops, what budget problem is likely?

A mining country depends heavily on copper exports. Global demand for copper weakens. What consequence is most likely?

Small farmers grow coffee for export, and coffee is the country's main cash crop. A plant disease damages many trees. What is the likely result?

A country relies on diamonds for most export earnings. A world price slump lasts two years. What does this show about single-commodity economies?

A country exports mostly raw timber instead of many manufactured goods. What risk comes with that export pattern?

A landlocked country imports machinery through a neighbor's seaport, then moves it inland by truck. What cost does this add?

Mali and Niger have no coastline, so many exports must travel long distances to ports. How can that affect trade?

A landlocked country depends on one rail corridor to a coastal port. If that corridor closes, what economic problem can follow?

Farmers in a landlocked state want to export fresh vegetables by road to a distant port. What challenge is most likely?

A copper mine lies far inland with no direct ocean access. What extra investment is often needed before exports reach buyers?

Mauritius has higher GDP per capita, longer life expectancy, and more years of schooling than Chad. What do these indicators show?

Country A has a lower infant mortality rate and higher adult literacy than Country B. How should a geographer read those indicators?

Country X has a very broad-based population pyramid, low income per person, and shorter life expectancy than Country Y. What does the comparison suggest?

South Africa's economy has large mining, manufacturing, finance, and service sectors, while Malawi relies more on agriculture and has lower income per person. What does this show?

Country P has high oil income per person but lower life expectancy and schooling than Country Q. What is the best reading of the indicators?

Seychelles has higher HDI, longer life expectancy, and a larger service sector than Mozambique. What conclusion follows from those stated indicators?