The Persian Wars of the early 400s BCE were fought between the Persian Empire and an alliance of Greek city-states. What event set off that conflict?

Greek cities on the coast of Asia Minor revolted against Persian rule, and a mainland city-state sent ships and soldiers to help them. Which mainland city-state sent that aid?

About 490 BCE a Persian force landed on a coastal plain northeast of Athens and was defeated there by an Athenian army. What is the name of that plain?

At Thermopylae a small Greek force used a narrow mountain pass to slow a much larger Persian army advancing into central Greece.

In 480 BCE Greek warships defeated the much larger Persian fleet by fighting in narrow straits beside an island near Athens. What is this naval battle called?

A trireme was a long oared warship rowed by banks of oarsmen. In the narrow straits of the Aegean, what did that design make possible?

The Persian invasion of mainland Greece ended in about 479 BCE when a combined Greek land army won a battle in Boeotia, north of Athens. What is that battle called?

After the Persian Wars, many Greek city-states joined a naval alliance led by Athens to keep defending against Persia. What was this alliance called?

Athens collected yearly payments from the alliance's members, moved the treasury to Athens, and used its navy to stop members from leaving. What did the alliance gradually become?

Sparta was led by two kings, a council of elders, elected officials called ephors, and an assembly of citizens. What did that shared power mean for taking Sparta to war?

Mountains and the sea divided Greece into many separate city-states. How did that geography shape the Greek response to the Persian invasions?

In the Peloponnesian War, Sparta's strength was its land army while Athens' was its fleet. What did that mismatch mean for the way the war went?

Athens built long defensive walls linking the city to its harbor a few miles away. How did those walls help Athens during the Peloponnesian War?

In 430 BCE, early in the Peloponnesian War, an epidemic struck Athens and killed a large share of its people. Why did it spread so widely there?

During the Peloponnesian War, Athens sent a large naval expedition far west to Sicily. What was the outcome of that expedition for Athens?

Late in the Peloponnesian War the Persian king sent money to Sparta. How did that support change the war?

The Peloponnesian War ended in about 404 BCE. What was the outcome for the two leading city-states?

The Persian Wars were fought after the Peloponnesian War had already ended.

Decades of fighting among the Greek city-states left them weakened and divided. Which development followed in the 300s BCE?

In the 300s BCE a king led Greek and Macedonian armies eastward and conquered the Persian Empire, spreading Hellenistic culture across southwest Asia. Who was that ruler?