Ancient Greece was divided into many separate communities, each one an independent town with the farmland around it, making its own laws and raising its own army. What is the English term for such a community?

In Athens, citizens gathered in person on a hillside to debate laws and vote on them. What kind of government is that?

Who was shut out of speaking and voting in the Athenian assembly?

Sparta was governed by two hereditary kings, a small council of elders, and a handful of elected overseers, while the citizen assembly mainly approved or rejected their proposals. What is government by a few called?

Rugged mountains split Greece into separate valleys, but many city-states such as Athens lay close to the Aegean Sea. What did the Aegean Sea make easier for a city-state such as Athens?

In Sparta, apart from the two kings, only men over the age of sixty could sit on the council of elders, and that council prepared the business the assembly voted on. What does this tell you about Spartan government?

Most members of the Athenian Council of Five Hundred were chosen by lot, like drawing names, instead of being elected. Why did Athenians use lot?

Once a year Athenians could vote to send a fellow citizen away from the city for ten years, writing his name on a broken piece of pottery. What was the purpose of this vote?

Spartan citizen men spent their lives training and serving as soldiers instead of farming. What made that possible?

At about the age of seven, Spartan boys from citizen families left home for years of harsh training and discipline run by the state. What was the goal of that system?

Boys from Athenian citizen families studied reading, music, poetry, and public speaking. How did that differ from the upbringing of Spartan boys?

Compared with women in Athens, women in Sparta had more of what?

The Peloponnesian War of the late 400s BCE was fought between the two strongest Greek city-states and their allies. Which two city-states led the opposing sides?

The Peloponnesian War dragged on for more than twenty years before it finally ended.

Earlier, Athens and Sparta set aside their rivalry and fought on the same side at the battles of Salamis and Plataea. Which power had invaded Greece in those wars?

Athens built its power on a large fleet of oared warships. Sparta's power rested on something else. What was Sparta's strength?

An Athenian court had no professional judge. Who voted to decide the verdict in a case?

Athenian democracy reached its fullest form during the 400s BCE. In those years, which body had the final say on new laws and on going to war?

Athens began paying citizens a small daily sum for serving on juries and in some public offices. What problem did that payment solve?

Greeks from rival city-states traveled to the Olympic Games and to the oracle at Delphi. What did these Panhellenic gatherings do for the Greek world?