Harlow's infant monkeys had a wire mother that provided milk and a cloth mother that did not. What did they typically do?

In Harlow's fear test, an infant monkey saw a frightening object while both surrogate mothers were present. What did the monkey usually do?

What did Harlow's surrogate-mother studies demonstrate about attachment?

A Harlow monkey spent long periods on a cloth surrogate but left briefly to nurse from a wire surrogate. What finding does that behavior show?

What does Ainsworth's Strange Situation assess in an infant?

Why does the Strange Situation include brief separations and reunions with the caregiver?

In the Strange Situation, a caregiver leaves the infant with a stranger and then returns. What behavior matters most for classifying attachment?

In attachment research, what does it mean for a caregiver to act as a secure base?

A toddler explores while her mother is present, cries when she leaves, is comforted when she returns, and resumes play. What attachment style fits?

An infant barely reacts when his caregiver leaves, then looks away and avoids contact when the caregiver returns. What attachment style fits?

A child clings before departure, protests intensely, and then resists soothing when the caregiver returns. What attachment style fits?

Ainsworth found that a caregiver who often ignores or rejects a baby's bids for comfort tends to have a baby with what attachment style?

A baby checks back with a caregiver while exploring, cries during separation, and calms quickly when held at reunion. What attachment style fits?

After reunion, a toddler reaches for her caregiver, then angrily pushes the caregiver away and keeps crying. What attachment style fits?

An infant treats a stranger almost like the caregiver and does not seek the caregiver at reunion. What attachment style fits?

A child stays close to his mother, explores little, becomes extremely upset when she leaves, and is not easily comforted when she returns. What attachment style fits?

During reunion, an infant smiles, reaches up, is comforted, and then returns to a toy. What attachment style fits?

A toddler keeps playing when the parent returns and turns away from the parent's offered hug. What attachment style fits?

A parent sets a clear curfew, explains the safety reason, listens to concerns, and still expects the rule to be followed. What parenting style is described?

A parent says, "Because I said so," enforces strict rules, and shows little warmth when the child asks why. What parenting style is described?

A warm parent sets few limits and lets a child choose bedtime even on school nights. What parenting style is described?

A parent enforces a firm homework routine while praising effort and discussing problems with the child. What parenting style is described?

A parent demands obedience, uses harsh punishment, and rarely explains the reasons for rules. What parenting style is described?

A parent avoids saying no and gives in whenever a child protests chores. What parenting style is described?

A parent sets high expectations, explains consequences, and encourages the child's input before making a decision. What parenting style is described?

A parent controls most choices, expects no questioning, and shows little responsiveness to the child's feelings. What parenting style is described?

Harlow made one surrogate provide milk and another provide soft contact. What did this separation let him test?

If feeding alone caused attachment, what result would Harlow's design predict?

The Strange Situation uses the same sequence of caregiver departures, stranger contact, and reunions for each infant. Why standardize it?

The Strange Situation includes both a stranger episode and a caregiver reunion for each infant. What comparison does that allow?