The Constitution gives one branch power to declare war and to vote the money that pays for military action. Which branch holds that power?

A president orders U.S. armed forces during an overseas crisis. Which branch is using the commander in chief power?

A federal court refuses to apply a statute because it conflicts with the Constitution. Which branch is exercising that power?

The national government coins money and regulates trade among the states. Which branch has those Article I powers?

A cabinet department carries out a federal law after Congress passes it. Which branch is responsible for that enforcement work?

A dispute over the meaning of a federal statute reaches a U.S. court. Which branch interprets and applies the law in that case?

Congress creates a new lower federal court to handle a category of cases. Which branch is acting?

A president forgives a federal sentence, except in an impeachment case. Which branch holds that pardon power?

A law sets uniform rules for becoming a U.S. citizen through naturalization. Which branch has the power to make that law?

The President receives ambassadors and conducts diplomacy with other nations. Which branch is acting?

Congress passes a bill, and the President returns it unsigned with objections. Which check is being used?

The President negotiates a treaty, but it cannot proceed unless two-thirds of senators present agree. Which check is this?

The Supreme Court invalidates a law that violates the Constitution. What check is the Court applying?

A president is accused of high crimes and misdemeanors, and Congress starts the removal process. Which check is being used?

An agency wants to spend federal money, but Congress has not appropriated funds for that purpose. Which check limits the executive?

A bill is vetoed, but Congress still wants it to become law. Which check can Congress use?

The President nominates a Supreme Court justice. What check must occur before the nominee can take the seat?

A president tries to pardon an official so the official cannot be removed by impeachment. Which constitutional check blocks that move?

A federal officer is accused of impeachable misconduct. Which chamber votes on whether to impeach, meaning to bring the charges?

After the House impeaches a federal officer, which chamber holds the impeachment trial?

When the President is tried after impeachment, which officer presides over the Senate trial?

A bill is designed to raise federal tax revenue. In which chamber must it originate?

A Senate vote is tied. Which office may cast the tie-breaking vote?

The President nominates an ambassador. Which chamber decides whether to confirm the nomination?

Which officer is chosen by House members to preside over the House of Representatives?

Congress passes a bill and then adjourns. The President neither signs nor returns it within 10 days, Sundays excepted. What happens to the bill?

The Supreme Court holds that a statute exceeds Congress's constitutional power. What may Congress do next?

The Senate rejects a nominee for a cabinet post. What is the President's constitutional path if the office still needs a confirmed head?

The Senate refuses to approve a treaty resolution. What is the direct constitutional result for that treaty?

The Senate votes to convict a federal judge on articles of impeachment. What is the constitutional result?

An executive agency says it cannot run a program because Congress provided no money for it. What must happen before Treasury funds can be spent?

A lower federal court decides a constitutional issue, and a losing party asks the Supreme Court to review it. If four justices vote to grant certiorari, what follows?

A court declares an executive order unconstitutional. What is the executive branch expected to do next under checks and balances?

A representative faces voters every two years and a senator every six years. How long does an Article III federal judge hold office?

After the House impeaches an official, what Senate vote is needed to convict and remove that official?

For the Senate to consent to a treaty, what vote threshold does Article II require?

A constitutional amendment has been proposed by Congress. What level of state approval normally makes it part of the Constitution?

In 1803, the Court said a statute expanding its original jurisdiction conflicted with Article III. What power did Marbury v. Madison establish?

Congress creates a national bank as a useful means to carry out taxing and borrowing powers. Which clause supports that implied legislative power?

The Constitution says revenue bills must begin in the House, though the Senate may amend them. Which clause fixes that chamber power?