Dr. Liza Mercado has studied reef ecology for 20 years. Her article reports her own 2025 coral surveys, then predicts tourism income for 2030. Which criterion does the tourism prediction fail?

Engr. Paolo Rivas has inspected bridges for 12 years. He inspected one footbridge in Cebu last month, then reported that all footbridges in the city are safe. Which criterion does his report fail?

A registered nutritionist praises a new vitamin drink in a magazine column. The maker pays her as a consultant, and her column never mentions this. Which criterion does the column fail?

A wellness blogger states firmly that a herbal tea cures dengue. She has no medical training and names no study. Her post is long and appeared last week. Which criterion does her post fail?

Dr. Anna Cruz is a pediatrician with 15 years in a provincial hospital. Which claim in her school health column falls outside her expertise?

A group calling itself an independent consumer panel names one phone brand the best buy. The brand pays for the panel's testing, and the report does not say so. Which criterion does the report fail?

A media studies professor reports on how Filipino teens use the internet. Her method is careful and her figures match her raw survey, but the survey was run in 2016. Which criterion does the report fail?

A volcanologist's 2025 paper measures ash fall around Taal. A writer cites it to support her claim that the town's flood control plan works. Which criterion does that use of the paper fail?

A community news blog reports that the barangay spent PHP 250,000 on street lights. The posted barangay record shows PHP 2.5 million. Which criterion does the blog fail?

A school paper is choosing a writer for a report on water safety. Which detail about the writer best supports her credibility?

Mark Solis is the press officer of a mining firm. He holds a chemistry degree and sampled the nearby river at six points last month. His article says the river is clean. Which criterion is weakest?

Economist Grace Lim studies loan costs for small farmers. Her paper states that a bank gave her a PHP 2 million research grant. Which criterion does stating the grant strengthen?

A widely shared article gives no author name and no credentials. Its 2025 population figures match the government agency record, and it lists every region. Which criterion does it fail?

A reading specialist surveyed teens at one private school this year and reported no sponsor. Her paper claims to describe the reading habits of all Filipino teens. Which criterion does it fail?

Rosa Dizon has taught science for 14 years at the school she writes about, and her article uses last term's accident log. Which criterion does her teaching experience support?

Ben Tan reviews a water filter. He owns shares in the company that makes it, wrote the review in one evening, has reviewed twelve products this year, and studied engineering ten years ago. Which detail most weakens his objectivity?

Two writers report on a new bridge. Author A says she is absolutely sure it is safe. Author B reports the load tests she ran on it. What does Author A's certainty show about her claim?

An author's expertise must cover the exact claim she makes, not only her general field.

A travel blogger calls a resort the best in the province. The resort gave her three free nights, and her post does not mention this. Which criterion does her post fail?

A student needs a source for a claim about rice yields in one province last season. Whose account best supports that claim?