A filter manual reports: the cartridge removed 99 percent of sediment at a flow of 2 liters per minute, but only 71 percent at 6 liters per minute. Which statement best expresses the manual's central idea?

A bridge report notes: deck strain averaged 120 microstrain at 5 degrees C and 260 at 35 degrees C; traffic counts matched on both days; sensors were calibrated in March. Which detail best supports the claim that heat increases deck flexing?

A greenhouse trial reports: seedlings under LED lamps grew 14 cm in 30 days, while seedlings under fluorescent lamps grew 9 cm. Which conclusion reaches beyond what this data can establish?

A field study reports: shaded streams averaged 14 degrees C and unshaded streams 21 degrees C; trout eggs hatched at 92 percent of shaded sites and 40 percent of unshaded sites. What is the study's central idea?

An energy audit states: the attic measured R-11 insulation and lost 38 percent of the home's heat; the walls measured R-13 and lost 22 percent; the windows lost 15 percent. Which detail best supports insulating the attic first?

A maintenance report states: dusty panels produced 84 percent of rated output, and after rinsing the same panels produced 97 percent. Rainfall that month totaled 5 mm. What is the report's central idea?

A test log records: at a nozzle temperature of 190 degrees C, 7 of 20 printed parts split along their layers; at 215 degrees C, only 1 of 20 split. Which result best supports the claim that a hotter nozzle bonds layers better?

A materials report states: concrete cured for 7 days reached 24 megapascals, and the same mix cured for 28 days reached 35 megapascals. What does this data NOT establish?

A helmet specification reads: the shell must hold peak head acceleration under 250 g in a 2-meter drop test, and every production lot must pass five drops. Which statement best expresses the specification's central idea?

A water heater manual says: drain 4 liters from the tank valve every six months, because sediment left in the tank insulates the burner surface and lengthens heating time. Why does the manual give this instruction?

A field summary states: particulate readings averaged 11 micrograms per cubic meter on weekends and 29 on weekdays, logged once an hour. Which detail best supports a link between the readings and commuter traffic?

A noise survey reports: the turbine measured 43 decibels at 300 meters and 38 decibels at 500 meters, on days with winds under 15 km per hour. Which conclusion reaches further than these measurements support?

A field study reports: soil on tractor paths absorbed water at 4 mm per hour and untraveled soil at 21 mm per hour; crop roots reached 12 cm deep on the paths and 34 cm elsewhere. What is the study's central idea?

A lab summary states: after 5 seconds of contact the sanitizer cut bacterial counts 62 percent, and after 20 seconds it cut them 99 percent, using the same product both times. Which result best supports a longer contact time on the label?

A specification sheet notes: the motor runs at 91 percent efficiency at full load, 88 percent at half load, and 74 percent at one-quarter load. What is the central idea of this section?

A service procedure reads: charge the line to 350 kPa with nitrogen, wait 15 minutes, then record the pressure; a drop over 7 kPa indicates a leak. What does the 15-minute wait accomplish?

A report states: tanks fitted with a first-flush diverter held 3 grams of sediment per 100 liters, while tanks without one held 19 grams. All eight tanks stood under metal roofs. What can this data NOT establish?

A calibration report notes: before adjustment the robot arm placed parts an average 1.8 mm off target, and after adjustment 0.3 mm off, using the same 40 parts each run. Which detail best supports the claim that the adjustment worked?

A coatings test reports: primed panels kept 96 percent of their paint after 500 hours of salt spray, while unprimed panels kept 41 percent, using the same paint on both. What is the central idea of the test report?

A stream survey reports: 84 percent of tagged trout passed culverts with water moving under 0.6 m per second, but only 12 percent passed culverts over 1.2 m per second. Which detail best supports rebuilding the fastest culverts?