Congress charges importers $40 for every foreign-made bicycle brought into the United States. What trade barrier is this?

The government allows only 500,000 foreign-made shirts to enter the country this year. What trade barrier is being used?

The United States prohibits all trade with a particular country, including imports and exports. What barrier is this?

A government pays domestic solar-panel makers $200 for each panel they produce. What policy is this?

Before foreign drug companies may sell products domestically, they must obtain government permission to import them. What barrier is this?

Imported toys must meet detailed safety tests that domestic firms can satisfy more cheaply. What trade barrier is illustrated?

At another country's request, its carmakers agree to cap the number of cars they export to the United States each year. What barrier is this?

Imported backpacks sell for $30 before a new $8 tariff is imposed. What is the most likely result in the domestic backpack market?

A binding quota reduces imports of sugar. What is most likely to happen in the domestic sugar market?

A country imports all of its coffee from Nation A, then bans coffee imports from Nation A. What happens immediately to coffee imported from Nation A?

The government begins paying domestic wheat farmers $2 per bushel produced. Assuming other conditions stay the same, what is most likely?

New import licenses delay and limit shipments of foreign cheese. What is the most likely effect on the domestic cheese market?

A costly new product standard applies to imported helmets, causing some foreign sellers to leave the market. What is the likely result?

Foreign steel producers voluntarily limit their shipments to the United States. What is the most likely result for imported steel?

The United States limits imported oranges to 1 million crates and rejects later shipments. Who gains most directly from this quota?

A new U.S. tariff raises the cost of importing each washing machine by $100. Who most directly bears much of this cost?

The government starts a production subsidy for batteries made in the United States. Who gains most directly from it?

The United States places an embargo on lumber from a country that supplies much of its lumber. Which group faces the most direct rise in production costs?

Imported bicycles must meet a costly standard that causes several foreign brands to leave. Who benefits most directly from reduced competition?

Supporters want tariffs on imported wind turbines because new domestic turbine firms need time to become efficient enough to compete. What argument are they using?

A country restricts imported military communications equipment so it can maintain domestic capacity during a conflict. What protection argument is this?

A union supports a tariff on imported clothing, saying foreign factories can charge less because their workers are paid far less. What argument is being made?

A nation with a large trade deficit limits imports to reduce money flowing abroad and improve its international accounts. What argument supports the policy?

Lawmakers propose protecting domestic producers of critical medical supplies so the country is not dependent on foreign shipments during an emergency. Which argument is this?

Critics of the balance of payments argument see a problem with cutting imports to shrink a trade deficit. What is that problem?