What does an ecosystem include?

Which is a biotic factor in a Philippine rainforest?

Which swamp feature is an abiotic factor?

Which description fits an estuary?

Which observation shows a biotic factor interacting with an abiotic factor in a mangrove forest?

What are reef-building corals?

A rainforest seedling uses sunlight to make sugars. What role does it perform in the ecosystem?

What happens to nutrients when bacteria and fungi break down fallen leaves?

In this reef food web, arrows point from food to consumer. Which organism has two direct food sources shown?

After a hillside forest in Leyte is cleared, how is sediment in nearby streams likely to change during heavy rain?

Which effect of building roads through a forest is specifically habitat fragmentation?

A factory releases harmful liquid waste into a river. Which action addresses this pollution at its source?

Fertilizer runoff causes rapid algal growth in a pond. What can happen when large amounts of algae die and decay?

Which case is an example of an invasive alien species?

Which observation supports climate change rather than a brief weather event?

Why can greater biodiversity help an ecosystem maintain important functions after a disturbance?

A coastal community catches small fish faster than they reproduce. What is a likely effect on predators that eat these fish?

Students compare creek sites above and below a suspected sewage outlet. Which records best support comparison of ecosystem conditions?

Rain carries soil and fertilizer from a farm into a stream. Which practice can reduce this pollution?

Which comparison best measures a change in creek litter during a barangay's litter-control project?