A student's core temperature drops during a cold outdoor lab. Nerve endings in the skin send that change toward the hypothalamus. Which feedback-loop role do those nerve endings fill?

Warm blood reaches the hypothalamus, which compares the input with a set point and sends autonomic commands for cooling. Which role does the hypothalamus fill?

On a hot day, sweat glands secrete fluid after receiving autonomic commands from the hypothalamus. Which role do the sweat glands fill in the loop?

Blood pressure rises from 120/80 mmHg to 150/95 mmHg, and stretch-sensitive endings in the carotid arteries fire faster. Which role do those endings fill?

Stretch signals from arteries reach the medulla, which decides to slow the heart and reduce vessel tone. Which role does the medulla fill?

Core temperature falls, and skeletal muscles contract rhythmically after commands from the hypothalamus. Which role do the skeletal muscles fill?

Core temperature rises during exercise. What response moves the variable back toward its set point?

After lunch, blood glucose rises to 150 mg/dL. What response moves the variable back toward its set point?

A blood test shows calcium below normal. What response moves the variable back toward its set point?

Blood pressure falls to 90/60 mmHg after a student stands quickly. What response moves the variable back toward its set point?

After heavy sweating, blood becomes too concentrated. What response moves the variable back toward its set point?

Between meals, blood glucose falls below normal. What response moves the variable back toward its set point?

A meal raises blood glucose, and pancreatic beta cells release insulin. Immediately after insulin binds receptors on muscle and fat cells, what happens?

Blood pressure rises, carotid endings fire faster, and the medulla reduces sympathetic output. What happens immediately after that signal reaches the heart and arterioles?

Blood calcium falls, and the parathyroid glands release PTH. What happens in bone tissue after PTH acts?

Blood becomes too concentrated, and the posterior pituitary releases ADH. What change in collecting duct cells lets them return more water to the blood?

A student's sweat glands no longer answer cooling commands from the hypothalamus. What happens during a hot soccer practice?

Pancreatic alpha cells fail to release glucagon when blood glucose drops between meals. What happens next?

Stretch-sensitive endings in the carotid arteries stop firing when blood pressure rises. What happens to the loop?

The posterior pituitary cannot release ADH even when blood is too concentrated. What happens to water balance?