The council cut bus fares and extended evening services; this has already lifted weekday ridership. What does 'this' refer to?

Online courses save commuting time, but they require strong self-discipline; this explains why completion rates vary. What does 'this' refer to?

The factory fitted filters and reused cooling water; these reduced waste and energy use. What does 'these' refer to?

Some graduates accept unpaid internships; such choices can delay financial independence. What does 'such choices' refer to?

Public libraries offer internet access and quiet study areas. This support is especially valuable in poorer districts. What does 'This support' refer to?

The city closed Oxford Road and King Street to cars; the latter had carried most buses. What does 'the latter' refer to?

Governments can subsidise childcare or extend parental leave; the former may help parents return to work sooner. What is 'the former'?

A new tax raised fuel prices, and this discouraged unnecessary journeys. What does 'this' refer to?

Applications to nursing courses rose by 18% last year. ___ may reflect wider respect for health workers.

Many flats were built with poor insulation. ___ has left residents with high heating bills.

Several cities now charge drivers to enter busy centres. ___ aims to reduce congestion.

Teenagers often compare themselves online for hours. ___ can damage confidence.

The company apologised but offered no refund. ___ angered many customers.

The survey included only 40 volunteers. ___ limits how widely its results can be applied.

More households are installing rooftop solar panels. ___ is becoming common in suburban areas.

Several witnesses gave conflicting accounts. ___ made the case difficult to judge.

Universities can reduce tuition fees or increase scholarships; the former ___.

A country may invest in railways or widen motorways; the latter ___.

Schools can lengthen lessons or reduce class sizes; the former ___.

Cities may plant trees or paint roofs white; the latter ___.

Employers can offer remote work or shorter shifts; the former ___.

Researchers may interview participants or analyse records; the latter ___.

Families can move closer to work or buy a more efficient car; the former ___.

Which version repairs the reference? Many residents now sort waste at home, and ___ has reduced landfill.

Cycling lanes were widened and speed limits were lowered. Which next sentence uses reference correctly?

The report compares solar panels and heat pumps. Which continuation is clear and correct?

Some parents worry about exams and homework. Which sentence refers correctly to the second item?

Teachers email parents after pupils miss class, and they often respond quickly. Which version removes the unclear pronoun?

The government lowered bus fares. Which next sentence repairs the reference?

Libraries lend books and provide computers. Which next sentence uses reference correctly?