Text 1: Wild bees were losing places to feed. Towns fixed this by planting wildflower strips along roads. Text 2: A cold, wet spring kept blossoms shut. As a result, bees found less food. Which structure organizes Text 1?

Text 1: In 1980 an earthquake shook Mount St. Helens. Next its north side slid away, and finally ash drifted across several states. Text 2: Unlike Mount St. Helens, Hawaii's Kilauea rarely explodes. Which structure organizes Text 2?

Text 1: Zebra mussels clogged Great Lakes water pipes. Cities answered by adding screens and scraping the pipes. Text 2: Ships carried the mussels in their water tanks. Because of that, they spread lake to lake. How do the texts differ?

Text A: Unlike cotton, wool still holds warmth when it is wet. Both fibers come from farms. Text B: Rain soaked the hikers, so their cotton shirts pulled heat away. Text A is organized by ___.

Text 1: Sea turtles hatch at night. First they dig out of the sand, next they crawl toward the water, and finally they swim away. Text 2: Bright streetlights confused hatchlings, so towns switched to shielded bulbs. Text 1 is organized in time order.

Text 1: Sap runs in spring. Farmers first tap the trees, then boil the sap, and finally bottle the syrup. Text 2: Sap flows when nights freeze and days thaw. Because of this, the season ends when nights stay warm. Which words signal Text 2's structure?

Text 1: The Pony Express began in 1860 and closed in 1861, days after the telegraph line reached California. Text 2: Unlike horseback riders, telegraph wires carried news in minutes. Which structure organizes Text 1?

Text 1: Storm surge flooded low streets each season. The city answered by raising walls and adding pumps. Text 2: Warm ocean water feeds a hurricane. As a result, storms weaken once they move over land. Which structure organizes Text 2?

Text 1: Wolves came back to Yellowstone in 1995. First they waited in pens, then they were released, and finally they formed packs. Text 2: Unlike wolves, coyotes often hunt alone. Both animals raise pups in dens. How do the texts differ?

Text 1: Road salt keeps ice from sticking to pavement. Text 2: Salty runoff harmed nearby streams. ___ of that harm, crews now mix beet juice into the brine. Which one word fills the blank so Text 2 signals cause and effect?

Text 1: Old library books were crumbling. Libraries answered by copying the pages onto film and computers. Text 2: Cheap paper made after 1850 held acid. Because of that acid, the pages browned and broke. Which structure organizes Text 1?

Text 1: Both penguins and puffins are birds, but unlike puffins, penguins cannot fly. Text 2: Sea ice broke apart early one year. As a result, some chicks reached the water before their feathers were ready. Which words signal Text 2's structure?

Text 1: Bicycles of the 1870s had one huge front wheel. By 1890 the safety bicycle, with two equal wheels, had taken over. Text 2: Unlike the high-wheeler, the safety bicycle let a rider touch the ground. Text 2 is organized by comparison.

Text 1: Trash was filling the town landfill. The town answered by starting a curbside recycling pickup. Text 2: In 1970 few towns recycled. By 1990 curbside bins were spreading, and by 2010 they were common. Which structure organizes Text 2?

A passage says: “To plant a bean seed, first fill a cup with soil. Next, press the seed into the soil. Finally, water it and set the cup in the sun.” Which text structure does this passage mostly use?

A paragraph explains that heavy rain filled a river, so the river overflowed and flooded nearby fields. Which structure best describes this paragraph?

A passage says: “Cacti and oak trees both make food from sunlight. Unlike oaks, cacti store water in their thick stems.” Which text structure is the author using?

True or False: A text that tells how a town stopped its river from flooding homes by building higher banks uses a problem-and-solution structure.

A school article says: “Many students were throwing away recyclable bottles. To reduce waste, the student council placed labeled recycling bins in every hallway.” What is the main text structure?

Which clue words most strongly signal a compare-and-contrast structure?