During the port conflict, leaders ordered an embargo: no ships could carry goods to or from the rival nation until talks resumed. What does embargo mean there?

To protect local cloth makers, the assembly placed a tariff on imported fabric, making foreign cloth cost more at market. In this passage, what is a tariff?

Every ten years, clerks conducted a census, visiting households to record how many people lived in each district. What is a census in this passage?

The reform group argued that suffrage should extend to propertyless workers, not only landowners, so more adults could vote. What does suffrage mean there?

After months of fighting, generals signed an armistice. Cannons fell silent while leaders negotiated a peace treaty. What does armistice mean?

Workers organized a boycott of the company store; they refused to buy its goods until wages improved. What does boycott mean in this passage?

The new nation wrote a constitution that described branches of government and limits on each branch's power. What does constitution mean in this social-studies passage?

Citizens did not have a king; they elected representatives to make laws for the republic. What does republic mean there?

Speakers demanded abolition of debtors' prisons, arguing that jails for unpaid debts should be ended entirely. What is abolition in this passage?

When the council opened meetings to the public, later councils followed that precedent instead of closing the doors again. What does precedent mean there?

Protesters practiced civil disobedience by calmly breaking the curfew they believed unjust and accepting arrest. What does the term mean?

After the treaty, the kingdom annexed the island, adding it to its territory and governing it from the capital. What does annexed mean?

Drought ruined crops, leading to migration as families left farms and moved toward towns with factory jobs. What is migration in this passage?

The poster used heroic drawings and half-truths as propaganda to persuade citizens to support the war. What does propaganda mean there?

A bus company may charter a bus for a day. In the passage, the king granted a charter listing a town's rights to hold markets and elect officers. What sense of charter is used?

At home, a cabinet holds dishes. In the passage, the president met with the cabinet to hear advice from department heads. What sense of cabinet is used?

A plank can be a board. In the campaign, one plank promised lower taxes, and another promised safer roads. Here, plank means what?

The diner brought a bill after lunch. In the legislature, a bill must pass both houses before becoming law. What sense of bill appears in the second sentence?

A group can approve a plan informally. In the passage, nine states had to ratify the constitution before it took effect. What does ratify mean?

Writers amend a draft by changing words. Citizens voted on an amendment that would add one right to the state constitution. What sense of amendment is used?

People may petition for help. In the passage, residents signed a petition asking the assembly to repair the road. What is a petition there?

A painting can have appeal, or attractiveness. After the judge ruled, the lawyer filed an appeal with a higher court. What sense is used?

Convention can mean a usual custom. In the passage, delegates gathered at a convention to revise the state charter. What sense is used?

Party can mean a celebration. In the passage, the party nominated candidates and printed a platform. What sense is used?

Office can mean a room with desks. The mayor took office at noon and began serving a two-year term. Here, office means what?

A colony can be a group of ants. In the passage, the colony sent raw materials to the distant country that ruled it. What sense is used?

Read: (1) The plan created a bicameral assembly. (2) Bicameral means having two lawmaking chambers. (3) One chamber had equal votes. (4) The other used population. Which sentence defines bicameral?

Read: (1) The river dispute went to a county court. (2) Jurisdiction is the court's legal authority to hear a case. (3) The judge studied old maps. (4) Witnesses described flood damage. Which sentence defines jurisdiction?

Read: (1) The constitution divided power between national and state governments. (2) That system is called federalism. (3) States kept control of schools. (4) The nation handled treaties. Which sentence defines federalism?

Read: (1) Officials could not jail a person without notice and a fair hearing. (2) This protection is due process. (3) The rule limited governors. (4) Courts enforced it. Which sentence defines due process?

Read: (1) A diary from the march became a primary source. (2) A primary source is evidence made during the time being studied. (3) Later textbooks quoted it. (4) Students compared accounts. Which sentence defines primary source?

Read: (1) The historian wrote a secondary source about the strike. (2) It used letters and payroll books. (3) A secondary source explains an event after studying other sources. (4) The chapter included footnotes. Which sentence defines secondary source?

Read: (1) Newcomers applied for naturalization. (2) The clerk checked papers. (3) Naturalization is the legal process of becoming a citizen. (4) Families celebrated afterward. Which sentence defines naturalization?

Read: (1) During shortages, the town used rationing. (2) Each family received coupons. (3) Rationing limits how much scarce goods people may buy. (4) Shopkeepers recorded sales. Which sentence defines rationing?

The legislature met for three weeks, debated the tax plan, and passed a law funding bridges. What substitute for legislature keeps the meaning?

Three towns formed an alliance to maintain the shared road; each promised workers and money. What word could replace alliance without changing the meaning?

After the war, the island claimed sovereignty and made its own laws without orders from the empire. What substitute for sovereignty keeps the meaning?

The envoy used diplomacy, meeting quietly with both governments until they agreed to exchange prisoners. What substitute for diplomacy keeps the meaning?

Archaeologists cataloged artifacts from the fort, including buttons, tools, and pottery left by soldiers. What substitute for artifacts fits?

After the earthquake, the city's reconstruction lasted five years as crews repaired roads, schools, and homes. What substitute for reconstruction keeps the meaning?