A study of 30 students at one school found that students who slept longer scored higher on a test. Which sentence matches what this finding supports?

Researchers gave a new herbal tea to 12 people with mild colds. Their symptoms eased a little. Which sentence overclaims this result?

One study found more coral bleaching in warmer water. A reporter writes that bleaching may be linked to warmer water. Why is that cautious wording the accurate wording here?

A drug lowered swelling in mice. No people have taken it yet. Which sentence reports the finding accurately?

A study followed 40 adults who walked daily and reported better sleep. Which headline reports the study without overclaiming?

A survey found that towns with more bookshops also had higher reading scores. Which sentence stays inside what the survey shows?

A science writer wants wording that signals a finding is not yet settled. Which phrase is a hedge?

A team tested a new water filter in one village for two weeks. Which lead sentence reports the test without overclaiming?

A report says, "In this sample, sleep and scores rose together." What does the phrase "in this sample" do for the reader?

A trial compared a new soap with the old one and found no clear difference. Which sentence reports that result accurately?

A new fertilizer was tested on ten plants. Six of them grew taller than usual. Which sentence overclaims this result?

A study of 25 office workers found less back pain after new chairs arrived. Which sentence keeps the size of the study visible to the reader?

A team's results might also apply to older adults, but older adults were not tested. Which sentence makes clear who is claiming what?

A student changes "the data suggest a small drop in litter" to "the data prove litter has stopped." Why is the first version better?

One survey of 60 shoppers found that most of them prefer paper bags. Which claim would need far more evidence than this survey gives?

One patient's pain eased after a new therapy. No other patients were treated. Which sentence matches what this single case supports?

Testing of a new vaccine is still running, and early results look promising. Which sentence reports the stage of the work honestly?

Writing "the study suggests" instead of "the study proves" can be the more accurate choice, not only a weaker one.

In a lab dish, a plant extract killed bacteria. No animals or people were tested. Which headline overclaims the result?

A study reports that a drink "may be linked to" better focus. An editor changes this to "boosts focus." What does that change do?