Passage: "When the college replaced paper forms with an online portal, tutors feared older students would avoid enrolment. A help desk by the library guided them through each screen, and this reduced missed applications." What does "this" refer to?

Passage: "A city lane trial gave cyclists a painted lane beside the bus route. Drivers and shop owners complained about lost space and deliveries. After three months, both reported fewer conflicts at junctions." What does "both" refer to?

Passage: "Nurses send text reminders before clinic appointments. Some patients still arrive late because buses are infrequent, but most bring test cards they used to forget. Such reminders have cut wasted slots." What does "Such reminders" refer to?

Passage: "Parents offered to help after the spring fair in town and volunteers could plant trees, but the school had no budget for watering them during holidays. This is why the garden project stayed small." What does "This" refer to?

Passage: "When the cafe offered free Wi-Fi, freelance tutors met students there, although office workers filled most tables by noon. They usually booked the quiet corner for lessons, and this helped the owner sell breakfasts." What does "They" refer to?

Passage: "A shop added a ten-cent deposit to glass jars, not to paper bags on the bottom shelf. Customers returned the jars more often because it made each refill cheaper, while the bags still went in bins." What does "it" refer to?

Passage: "The river team mapped oily water near the boatyard, dead reeds below the bridge, and shallow mud at the ferry steps. Birds avoided these in spring, although anglers blamed the boatyard alone." What does "these" refer to?

Passage: "The library tested Sunday opening because students used the study room after Saturday sports. Extra staff costs worried managers, but exam bookings rose. This persuaded them to keep the change." What does "This" refer to?

Passage: "At the biscuit factory, managers installed filters above the ovens after inspectors found smoke in the packing room near the delivery door. They removed fine dust before it reached workers' desks." What does "They" refer to?

Passage: "A school lent tablets to pupils who lacked computers. Some teachers feared games would distract them, yet homework arrived earlier and in clearer files. This made after-school marking quicker." What does "This" refer to?

Passage: "The museum printed two leaflets: a walking map for visitors with one hour and a food guide for longer stays in town. Guides at the desk give one to families who ask for quick routes." What does the second "one" refer to?

Passage: "Residents put plastic pots in blue boxes and flat batteries in red bags outside the estate office on Mondays. The council collects the boxes weekly, but they must be taken to the pharmacy instead." What does "they" refer to?

Passage: "The lab asked for a public grant for its battery project, but the committee delayed its decision. Private companies could fund the work sooner, and this made some researchers nervous about independence." What does "this" refer to?

Passage: "The new timetable cut two early buses and added three evening buses for hospital workers on the late ward. Local shops praised these because staff could stay for shifts after the clinic closed." What does "these" refer to?

Passage: "Readers often post short messages under news stories before checking the full article on their phones. Editors say the messages increase visits, but such comments can also spread mistakes quickly." What does "such comments" refer to?

Passage: "The park has a rainwater tank behind the cafe and a fountain near the playground beside the tennis wall. During dry weeks, staff empty it into flower beds because children still need the fountain." What does "it" refer to?

Passage: "Several firms offered internships for summer, but only one paid travel costs. Students from outer districts chose that firm first. This widened access more than the college's advertising campaign." What does "This" refer to?

Passage: "Students place phones in a box before science lessons in the new lab at the back of the room. Teachers collect tablets from a locked shelf because they are used for measurements during experiments." What does "they" refer to?

Passage: "The council froze rents for small shops after complaints about rising costs near the station this year. Landlords delayed repairs in response, and this angered traders more than the original rent rise." What does "this" refer to?

Passage: "Rice fields and vegetable plots share the plain, but rice uses flood channels while vegetables near the road rely on pumps. Both suffered in May when the reservoir dropped below the old intake pipe." What does "Both" refer to?

Passage: "The hotel asked guests to choose breakfast times online before arrival. Kitchen staff then knew when large groups would come down. This reduced queues at the buffet more than adding another coffee machine." What does "This" refer to?

Passage: "In the art course, beginners copy objects on the table before drawing from photographs. The tutor says such work is harder because students must judge light without seeing the real object." What does "such work" refer to?

Passage: "The warehouse bought small robots to carry trays between packing stations in the new hall near the lifts. Workers placed warning cones around sensors, but they still needed clear paths to deliver trays." What does "they" refer to?

Passage: "The clinic moved vaccination checks to Saturday mornings at the community centre. Parents who worked long shifts no longer needed weekday leave, and this improved attendance more than the new reminder cards." What does "this" refer to?

Passage: "The newspaper closed its sports desk, its events page, and its weekend supplement during a budget cut. Readers complained that these had connected small clubs to the town better than national websites." What does "these" refer to?

Passage: "The market gives each stallholder a paper licence and a plastic table number for the front of the stall. Inspectors check the number from a distance, but it must be signed before trading starts." What does "it" refer to?

Passage: "The estate covered roadside ditches to make parking spaces near the flats on the lower road after a short meeting. After heavy rain, water pooled beside the new kerb. This forced the builder to reopen the drains." What does "This" refer to?

Passage: "The museum lends audio guides to visitors at the entrance before the first gallery for school visits. Staff replace the batteries each evening because they often last only six hours on the history tour." What does "they" refer to?

Passage: "The canteen raised lunch prices after rent increased, but it kept low prices for soup and rice for students on grants. Such prices made the menu seem fairer than a single rise on every dish." What does "Such prices" refer to?

Passage: "The evening language class mixed nursing students with hotel trainees after placement hours. They practised role plays from both workplaces, and this helped weaker speakers use polite requests outside class." What does "this" refer to?

Passage: "During bridge repairs, the town closed the old stone bridge and put a temporary footbridge beside the rail bridge during rush hour. Cyclists may use one, but cars must follow the diversion along Mill Road." What does "one" refer to?

Passage: "The clinic translated appointment emails into three common languages for the new housing estate. Receptionists still phoned elderly patients, but this reduced missed visits among new arrivals." What does "this" refer to?

Passage: "The school buys spare uniforms for pupils whose clothes are wet after cycling to morning lessons during wet months after rain. Parents return them next day, but they are washed first by the caretaker." What does "they" refer to?

Passage: "The courier company introduced battery swapping for electric bikes. Riders no longer waited at sockets during lunch breaks. Such swapping increased afternoon deliveries without buying extra bikes." What does "Such swapping" refer to?

Passage: "The housing block received a grant for roof insulation and thicker stairwell glass to meet new energy rules under the scheme. Tenants welcomed the glass, but it cut winter heating bills more noticeably." What does "it" refer to?

Passage: "The cafe trained new staff by recording orders on tablets during quiet hours before lunch using a sample menu. Managers reviewed mistakes later, and this made the first busy weekend less stressful." What does "this" refer to?

Passage: "The travel site added old walking paths, cafe stops, and bus links to its online maps for weekend walkers before the long climb. Hikers saved these before leaving because mobile signals faded in the valley." What does "these" refer to?

Passage: "Artists sent grant forms on time, but banks issued support letters after the deadline. The committee said such delays could not be ignored, even when the forms themselves were complete." What does "such delays" refer to?

Passage: "The village shop keeps spare keys for the hall and the sports shed in a box behind the counter for community groups. Volunteers check the hall keys monthly because they are needed for evening clubs." What does "they" refer to?

Passage: "The school put solar panels on the gym roof, not on the shaded science block near the car park on clear days. They faced south over the playground, and this produced more power during morning lessons." What does "this" refer to?