The table shows one stretch of a gene before and after a mutation. Which type of mutation has occurred?

A single base is inserted just after the start codon of a gene. What happens to the amino acids specified after that point?

A mutated gene makes a protein with the normal number of amino acids in which the sixth amino acid is valine instead of glutamic acid, and every other amino acid matches. Which change to the gene explains this?

Compare two healthy people's genomes and you find thousands of base differences that produce no visible difference between them. Which pair of reasons best explains this?

Compare the two strands in the table. Which type of mutation is this?

An insertion of three bases together in the middle of a coding sequence shifts the reading frame for every codon that follows it.

A mutated protein has one fewer amino acid than normal, and all its other amino acids are in the normal order. Which change to the gene produced it?

Which statement about mutations is accurate?

Look at the table. Which single change turned the original strand into the mutated strand?

One copy of a gene loses two bases at codon 4. A second copy of the same gene loses three bases at codon 4. Which statement compares the two proteins?

A mutated protein is much shorter than normal, and the amino acids it does contain match the start of the normal protein exactly. Which change to the gene fits this result?

During the formation of gametes, one pair of chromosomes fails to separate, so one gamete receives two copies of that chromosome and another receives none. What is this failure called?

The table shows a gene before and after a mutation. Which mutation occurred, and what happens to the number of amino acids in the protein?

A single substitution changes an mRNA codon from UGG, which specifies tryptophan, to UGA, which is a stop codon. What happens to the amino acids that would have followed?

A mutated protein matches the normal protein for its first 20 amino acids, then runs on with a completely different string of amino acids and ends early. Which change caused it?

A substitution changes a DNA codon from CCT to CCC. Both of these codons specify proline. What is this change called, and what does it do to the protein?

Use the table. Which term names the change between the original and the mutated strand?

A substitution replaces one base inside codon 5 of a gene. Codons 6 onward are untouched. What happens to the amino acids specified by codons 6 onward?

A gene differs from the normal version at one base, yet the protein it makes is identical to the normal protein. What must be true of that substitution?

Two substitutions occur in the same enzyme's gene. One replaces an amino acid in the active site; the other replaces an amino acid far from the active site. Which is more likely to change how well the enzyme works, and why?

Compare the two strands in the table. Which type of mutation is this, and is the reading frame after it shifted?

A single base is inserted into the second codon of one copy of a gene, and into the second-to-last codon of another copy. Which copy makes the more abnormal protein, and why?

A mutated gene makes a protein that is much longer than normal, with the entire normal amino acid sequence at its start. Which change explains the extra amino acids?

Which of these is a change to a whole chromosome rather than a change within a single gene?

Compare the two strands in the table. Which single event produced the mutated strand?

One base is inserted into a gene and, a few bases further along, one base is deleted. Compared with the insertion on its own, what happens to the protein?

Two people carry different mutations in the same gene. One protein differs from normal at a single amino acid; the other matches normal to amino acid 19 and then differs all the way to its end. Which pair of changes fits?

A mutation arises in one skin cell of an adult. Will that person's children inherit it, and why?

Compare the two strands in the table. Which mutation occurred, and what is its effect on the reading frame?

A single base deletion early in a gene often produces a protein far shorter than normal. Why?

A gene's coding sequence is completely normal, but the cell makes none of that gene's mRNA and none of its protein. One base in the gene's promoter has changed. What does this show?

Where in a coding sequence would a single base insertion be expected to do the least damage to the protein, and why?

Compare the two strands in the table. Which of these describes what the ribosome reads after the point of the mutation?

Six extra bases are inserted together in the middle of a coding sequence. How many extra amino acids appear in the protein, and what happens to the amino acids after them?

A mutated protein has three fewer amino acids than normal, and the amino acids it does have are in the normal order. How many DNA bases were lost from the coding sequence?

A change to a single DNA base can change which amino acid a codon specifies.

Look at the table. Which type of mutation occurred, and how many codons of the protein could it affect?

An mRNA reads AUG CAU GGA CCU. After a mutation the same mRNA reads AUG ACA UGG ACC U. What has happened to the amino acids after methionine?

A person's cells each carry three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. Which kind of change is this?

A silent mutation changes the amino acid sequence of the protein made from the gene.