Mia uploads a song she composed to a music platform. Its terms say creators keep ownership but grant the platform a license to stream and promote uploads. Who owns the song?

A photographer posts an original photo on a site whose terms say, "You retain all copyright; we may display your content in our gallery." What does this mean?

A student uploads an animation to a class app. The app's terms grant the school a nonexclusive license to show it at school events. Which statement is correct?

Jordan submits a drawing to an online contest. The rules state that entries remain the artist's property, but entrants allow the sponsor to use winning entries in advertisements. If Jordan wins, who owns the drawing?

A game site says, "By uploading a level, you grant us a worldwide license to host, copy, and distribute it." The terms do not say ownership transfers. What follows?

To study transportation, surveyors question every student who enters the school bus loop from 7:15 to 8:15 each weekday for two weeks. Which group is missed?

A cafeteria asks every student who buys lunch on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday which new menu item they prefer. Whose opinions are not represented?

A district sends an online survey to every family email address and keeps it open for one week. It wants to measure students' home internet access. Which group can still be underrepresented?

A school polls all students attending the Friday night football game about preferred after-school clubs. Whose club preferences are most likely missing from the results?

A library wants feedback from teenagers and interviews every visitor between 10 a.m. and noon on weekdays for a month. What sampling bias is most likely?

A weather app asks to use precise location "while using the app" so it can show local forecasts. What can that permission let the app collect?

A photo-editing app requests access to the device's photo library so a user can choose an image to edit. What does granting that permission allow?

A free flashlight app requests permission to read contacts and access location all the time, although neither feature is needed for the flashlight. What can those permissions let it collect?

A fitness tracker requests permission to read motion and fitness activity. What information can this permission provide to the app?

A messaging app requests microphone permission only when a user starts recording a voice message. What does granting it allow?

A shopping site's policy says it may share "aggregated purchase statistics" with brands. What may the site pass on under that phrase?

A school's app policy says it may share "de-identified attendance data" with researchers. Which data best matches that statement?

A video service states, "We may provide service providers with data needed to process payments." What does this policy permit?

A learning website says, "We may share information with a company if it acquires our business." What does this permit?

A grocery loyalty program stores a member's purchases, store visits, and the name and address linked to the card. What can the grocery company infer by examining many records together?

A transit card database records station entries and exits with dates and times, while a registration file links each card number to a person. What can the transit agency infer after linking the records?

A streaming service combines a user's viewing history, search history, and the times they use the service. What can it infer that no single viewing record shows?

A school app currently stores each student's exact location every minute all day to mark attendance at 8:30 a.m. Which change collects the least data while keeping that purpose?

A club uses a signup form to email members about meeting cancellations. Which design follows data minimization?

A cafeteria wants to know how many students choose a daily vegetarian option so it can plan food quantities. Which collection method gathers the least personal data?