Sample article: "The city council approved funds for the Barangay Malaya road repair on Monday. Work begins next week, Engineer Rina Baltazar said." Is this straight news or an editorial?

Sample column: "The council must release the road funds now. Three weeks of flooding in Barangay Malaya are three weeks too many." Is this straight news or an editorial?

Sample column: "Vendors deserve stalls that do not flood. City hall should rebuild the public market before the rains return." Which signal decides that this is an editorial?

Sample report: "Fire hit the Tanay public market at 4 a.m. Sunday, Chief Inspector Lito Reyes said. No one was hurt." Which signal decides that this is straight news?

Sample news: "The drainage plan is a waste of public money," Councilor Delia Ocampo said at Tuesday's session. Whose judgment is "a waste of public money"?

Sample paragraph: "The wasteful drainage plan crawled along while officials offered the same tired excuses." Whose judgment do "wasteful" and "tired excuses" carry?

Sample report: "Malaguit National High School took the division meet relay on Saturday in 49.2 seconds, coach Mario Deveza said." Which journalistic form is this?

Sample piece: "The division should stop running the relay at noon. Our athletes deserve a start time that does not risk heat stroke." Which journalistic form is this?

Sample article: "A flood-tolerant rice line survived nine days underwater, San Isidro State College researcher Dr. Ana Villar reported Monday." Why is this straight news, not an editorial?

Sample piece: "The province should fund the flood-tolerant rice trials for another season. One good harvest is not proof enough." Which signal marks this as an editorial?

Sample lead: "Sixty families spent last night in the barangay covered court after the river rose past its banks." Which quality is this lead built on?

Sample opening: "Lola Pacing has sold rice cakes on the same market corner for forty years. She still wakes at three to steam the first batch." Which quality is this opening built on?

Two sample sentences: (1) "The mayor called the audit unfair." (2) "The audit was unfair." Which sentence belongs in a straight news report?

Sample line from a newspaper: "We believe the barangay should publish the relief list online." Whose stand does the word "we" signal here?

Sample piece argues for a wider fishing ban, and the note beneath it reads: "The writer is a fisherfolk leader in Navotas." Which journalistic form is it?

Sample sentence: "Twenty-eight of the barangay's 40 streetlights do not work, the engineer's report shows." Why does this still count as straight news?

Sample news: "Coach Deveza said the new track is unsafe. Division head Ms. Lim said it passed inspection." Whose judgments appear in this passage?

Two sample headlines: (1) "Council Approves Market Repair" (2) "Fix the Market Before the Rains". Which headline belongs to an editorial?

In a straight news report, a judgment may appear when it is quoted and credited to a named source.

Sample line A: "Residents called the garbage fee unfair, a survey of 200 households found." Sample line B: "The garbage fee is unfair." Which line argues a judgment instead of reporting one?