A shallow paper cut does not bleed because it stays in the outer layer of skin, which has no blood vessels. What layer is that?

A needle prick bleeds because it reached the vascular connective tissue beneath the outer epithelium. What layer contains those vessels?

A surgeon lifts a pad of fat and loose connective tissue that cushions the hip and anchors the skin to muscle. What layer is being lifted?

The most superficial cells of thick skin are dead, flattened, and packed with protective protein. What epidermal layer is this?

New keratinocytes are produced by mitosis in the deepest epidermal layer. What layer is that?

Fingerprints form because upward projections from the superficial dermis push the overlying surface into ridges. What dermal layer forms those projections?

A deep tattoo places ink in dense irregular connective tissue so it stays after surface cells shed. What layer holds the pigment?

A waterproofing protein builds up as surface cells mature and die. What protein gives the outer skin much of that protection?

Cells in the deepest epidermis make a brown-black pigment that helps absorb ultraviolet radiation. What pigment is produced?

An oily secretion coats a growing strand and helps keep the surface flexible. Which gland produces that secretion?

During overheating, coiled glands release watery fluid onto the skin surface. Which glands perform this job?

A keratinized strand grows from an epidermal tube that extends down into the dermis. What structure surrounds its root?

A person loses less water through intact skin than through an open wound. Which function of skin explains this difference?

Bright sunlight helps the skin begin making a molecule needed for calcium absorption. What vitamin does this process help produce?

When core temperature rises, blood vessels in the dermis widen so more heat leaves the body surface. What response is this?

On a cold day, vessels in the dermis narrow and warm blood is kept deeper. What is the direct effect?

Fingertips detect two close points better than the back because they contain more sensory endings per area. What skin function is shown?

A small amount of urea and salt leaves the body in watery fluid from skin glands. What function is this?

A scrape removes the outer barrier, and microbes can enter more easily. Which normal skin role has been reduced?

A person begins sweating during exercise, and the fluid evaporates from the surface. What consequence does evaporation have?

A sunburn leaves red, painful skin with no blisters. How is this burn classified?

A hot-water injury causes blisters and damages the epidermis plus part of the dermis. What burn depth is this?

A burn destroys the full thickness of skin and may look white, charred, or leathery. How is it classified?

A scraped knee forms a clot that dries into a scab within hours. Which stage of wound healing includes this event?

Several days after a cut, fibroblasts lay collagen and new capillaries grow into the wound. Which stage is occurring?

Months after an injury, collagen fibers are reorganized and the scar becomes stronger but not as strong as uninjured skin. Which stage is this?

Using the rule of nines for an adult, burns cover the entire right arm and the front of the trunk. What percent of body surface is burned?

An adult has burns on the head and neck plus the entire left leg. Using the rule of nines, what total area is burned?

A teenager has comedones and inflamed pimples when excess oil blocks follicles. What common disorder fits this description?

A chronic disorder produces thick silvery scales as epidermal cells build up too quickly. What disorder is most consistent?

An itchy, inflamed rash flares after contact with an irritant or allergen. What general condition describes this skin inflammation?

An itchy, scaly patch with a raised red border spreads outward and is caused by a fungus that infects keratinized tissue. What disorder is this?

A mole has one half unlike the other half. In the ABCDE rule, which warning sign is present?

A pigmented spot has tan, black, and reddish areas within the same lesion. Which ABCDE warning sign is this?

A dark lesion changes size and shape over a few months. What skin cancer is most strongly associated with changing pigmented moles?

Cold air makes tiny smooth muscles attached to follicles contract, pulling strands upright and dimpling the skin. What structure does this?

When ultraviolet exposure increases, pigment-producing cells transfer more pigment to nearby epidermal cells. Which cells respond this way?

Some sweat glands open directly onto the skin through pores and are found over most of the body, especially the palms and soles. What type are they?

Skin stretched over a joint returns to shape because fibers in the dermis recoil. Which dermal component mainly provides that recoil?

Pressure on the heel is cushioned by fat deep to the dermis. Which tissue produces this protective response?