A newspaper argued Americans had a duty to settle the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific. What idea did this describe?

A federal law in 1830 authorized the president to negotiate Native relocation west of the Mississippi River. What law was this?

Thousands of Cherokee left the Southeast for Indian Territory in the late 1830s, and many died along the route. What event was this?

Settlers demanded cotton farmland where Creek and Choctaw communities lived. What impact did U.S. expansion create for Native nations?

A politician claimed U.S. expansion across North America was destined and justified. Which term best names that belief?

Which president signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830?

The Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole were sent to Indian Territory. Most of that land is now part of which state?

Gold seekers and settlers entered Cherokee lands in Georgia despite the Cherokee government. What impact of U.S. expansion followed?

An 1840s magazine praised settlers for spreading U.S. institutions westward to the Pacific. Which belief was the article promoting?

In 1832, which Supreme Court case ruled that Georgia's laws had no force inside the Cherokee Nation?

In 1838, which U.S. Army general commanded the troops who rounded up Cherokee families for removal west?

Migrants crossed land already used by Native nations for hunting and farming. What impact often followed U.S. expansion?

A slogan said the nation's future lay in occupying lands between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Which idea matched this slogan?

Which Native nation was the first to be moved west under the Indian Removal Act, beginning in 1831?

Which Cherokee principal chief led his nation's fight against removal through petitions to Congress and lawsuits?

Federal officials wanted settlement routes through Native homelands that earlier treaties had promised to protect. What often happened next?

A speech argued that Providence favored American control from the Atlantic to the Pacific. What nineteenth-century idea was this?

In 1835, a small group of Cherokee without the nation's approval signed away Cherokee lands in the East. What was this agreement called?

Who was president when the U.S. Army forced the Cherokee west on the Trail of Tears in 1838?

Barbed wire, sold widely after 1874, let ranchers fence large parts of the Great Plains cheaply. How did this affect Plains nations?