Douglass asks, "What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July?" Whom does "your" mark as the audience he is confronting?

The Declaration says "a decent respect to the opinions of mankind" requires stating causes for separation. Which audience is explicitly invoked?

Washington writes, "The name of American, which belongs to you, in your national capacity..." Who is the "you" in this address?

Federalist No. 10 appeared under the pen name "Publius." Which audience was it written to persuade?

Stanton's Declaration of Sentiments echoes "all men and women are created equal." Which audience's assumptions does that echo try to activate?

Lincoln says, "It is for us the living... to be dedicated here to the unfinished work." Whom does "us the living" chiefly address?

Roosevelt says, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself." What purpose does that line pursue in the inaugural address?

Lincoln urges "malice toward none" and "charity for all" in the Second Inaugural. What purpose does this serve?

Patrick Henry ends, "give me liberty or give me death!" What immediate purpose does the line serve in his convention speech?

The Declaration says it must "declare the causes" of separation. What purpose does that sentence announce?

Washington warns that "the spirit of party" brings "common and continual mischiefs." What purpose does this warning pursue?

Wollstonecraft writes, "I do not wish them to have power over men; but over themselves." What purpose does the contrast serve?

Elizabeth I says, "I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king." What does she establish as speaker?

Patrick Henry says, "I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that is the lamp of experience." What does he establish about his stance?

When Douglass writes, "I have often sung to drown my sorrow, but seldom to express my happiness," what authority does he establish?

Wollstonecraft asks women to excuse her if she treats them "like rational creatures." What does she establish about herself as speaker?

Lincoln says, "I do not expect the Union to be dissolved... but I do expect it will cease to be divided." What speaker stance does this establish?

A note says Lincoln spoke at Gettysburg at a soldiers' cemetery four months after the battle, while the Civil War continued. Which element is this?

A source card identifies Thomas Paine as the author of Common Sense and notes his support for independence. Which rhetorical-situation element is foregrounded?

A summary says a pamphlet's central claim is that the colonies should separate from Britain. Which element has the summary named?

A teacher notes that an essay appeared in a New York newspaper for voters considering ratification. Which element is named most directly?

Carson's Silent Spring addresses general readers about pesticide damage to birds, water, and soil. Which pairing separates subject from audience?

Madison writes in Federalist No. 10 about factions for New York readers debating ratification. Which pairing is correct?

Swift's "A Modest Proposal" satirizes policy schemes for Irish poverty for readers who debate such schemes from comfort. Which pairing is correct?

The Declaration presents grievances and independence while appealing to "the opinions of mankind." Which pairing is correct?