An illustration faces the first page of a mystery story. It shows a narrow street at dusk, one lit window, and long shadows on wet stones. The words never describe the street. What does the illustration mainly add?

In a graphic novel, one panel has no words at all. It shows Mara alone at the bus stop, her suitcase at her feet, turned back toward her house. What does this wordless panel add to the story?

An article explains that sea turtle hatchlings follow moonlight to reach the ocean. Beside it is a photograph of dozens of hatchlings crossing dark sand toward a bright horizon. What does the photograph mainly do?

A poem describes a winter field in short, quiet lines. The illustration facing it uses only pale blue and white, except for one red bird on a bare branch. What does the illustration add?

A history article describes a long march but never says how far the soldiers walked. Beside the text is a drawn map with the route traced from the mountains to the coast. What does the map add?

In a folktale, the words say only that the fox "stood still." The illustration on that page shows the fox smiling and hiding a stolen egg behind his back. The illustration gives readers information the words do not.

Two editions of one fairy tale picture the same forest. Edition A's illustration is bright green with sunlight falling through the leaves. Edition B's is gray with twisted trunks. What does this difference change most?

On a graphic-novel page, the panels grow smaller and smaller as Theo runs from a barking dog, and the last panel is a thin sliver. The only words are "Faster. Faster." What do the shrinking panels add?

An article reports that the town's mill closed in 1998. The photograph beside it shows empty windows, a padlocked gate, and grass pushing up through the parking lot. What does the photograph mainly contribute?

A poem's last line reads, "the door was never locked." The illustration facing the poem shows a girl's hand resting on the handle without turning it. What does the illustration add to the poem's meaning?

A club poster prints CLEAN-UP DAY in huge letters across the top. Below it, the date, time and meeting place are printed in small, plain type. What does this size difference do?

A one-page notice on the school gate shows a large photo of a bare field, the words Tree Planting, Saturday, 7 a.m., and a small map. What is this notice mainly for?

A repair manual explains how to change a bicycle tire. Beside step 3 is a drawing of the wheel with an arrow pointing at one small metal lever. What does the drawing mainly add?

A paragraph says rain in the town changes a lot through the year. Next to it sits a bar chart of rainfall for each month. What does the chart let readers do that the words do not?

A safety poster has one short line, Look both ways, printed in the middle of a wide empty white page. Nothing else is printed on it. What does all that empty space around the words do?

In a magazine, a photograph of a flooded street runs across the whole top of the page, above the headline and above the article about the storm. Why was the photograph placed there?

An article about a busy hospital carries one photograph: a close-up of a nurse's hands holding a newborn's foot. No faces and no rooms are shown. What does this close-up mainly create?

A novel's cover shows one small boat alone on a wide gray sea under heavy clouds. The title is printed in thin white letters. What does this cover tell a reader before page one?

A history page about a town runs a thin timeline along the bottom, marking five dates from 1900 to 2000. The paragraphs above already tell the events in order. What does the timeline add?

A gardening book prints a drawing of a seedling with thin lines and names pointing to the root, the stem and the first leaves. The paragraph beside it names those same three parts. The drawing shows readers where each named part is.