Kwan writes: "For ten years, ice cream sales and pool visits in Ashford have risen together every June. So buying ice cream makes people go to the pool." What breaks the reasoning that links his evidence to his conclusion?

Nadia writes: "My cousin says her tablet helps her study. Tablets help every student in our district study better." Which best names the flaw in her reasoning?

A student council flyer argues: "A later start time is the best plan for our school because no other plan is better than starting later." Why is this reasoning unsound?

Ms. Alvarez argues: "Our middle school should add a late bus. In a survey, 82% of high school seniors said they stay after school for jobs." What breaks the link between her evidence and her claim?

Claim: "The crossing at Elm and Third is unsafe for students walking to school." Which evidence bears on the claim as stated?

Claim: "Our new tutoring club raises math grades." Evidence offered: club members' average math grade rose from 78 to 85 this term. Judging sufficiency, what does the writer still need?

Ravi claims the town's new recycling bins have changed household habits for good. His evidence is that recycling rose 12% in the first week after the bins arrived. Judging sufficiency, what does he still need?

Ellis argues: "Our library should open on Sundays. Staff logged 430 student requests for Sunday hours last year, and the town's other branch reports full tables every Sunday it opens." Why does this reasoning hold?

A school paper reports: "We asked eight students in the art room whether the mural should be repainted, and six said yes. Most of the school wants the mural repainted." What is unsound about this reasoning?

A letter to the town paper says: "The town added streetlights on Pine Street in March. In April, reported break-ins on Pine fell. The streetlights stopped the break-ins." What is unsound about this reasoning?

Tomas claims that students want a longer lunch period. His evidence is that at a staff meeting, most teachers said they would like more time to eat. Which best names the break in his reasoning?

Claim: "The cafeteria's new salad bar has made lunch lines slower." Which evidence bears on the claim as stated?

Claim: "Ashford's team practices harder than any other team in the league." Evidence offered: Ashford practiced 120 hours this season. Judging sufficiency, what is still missing?

Claim: "The homework club improves attendance." Evidence offered: club members missed three fewer days this year than last. Which added evidence would contribute NOTHING new to the argument?

A speaker says: "Our park needs lights. Last month 40 residents signed a petition asking for them, and the rec center's evening classes are full. Lights would also cut the park's water use." Which point does the evidence not reach?

Four students defend the same claim: the school should keep its late bus. Which reason is unsound because it only restates that claim?

An article claims: "Reading aloud at home helps children of every age." Its only evidence is a study of four-year-olds who were read to daily. What is the flaw in the reasoning?

A report states: "Students who eat breakfast score higher on tests. Serving breakfast at school will raise our test scores." Which question best tests whether that reasoning holds?

Which argument's evidence actually supports the conclusion drawn from it?

Claim: "The school garden club teaches students skills they go on to use at home." Which evidence bears on the claim as stated?