An infographic says student commutes are 48% bus, 30% car, 15% walk or bike, and 7% other. Which claim does the data fairly support?

A menu study finds labeled items average 610 calories while unlabeled items average 760. Which sentence is warranted?

Museum data show free-admission Sundays drew 2,400 visitors, compared with 1,500 on an average Sunday; weekday attendance stayed at 700. What can a writer claim?

A hotel reports 42 discarded towels per 100 stays before reuse placards and 25 per 100 stays after. Which claim is licensed?

A campus chart says 64% of first-year students attending three or more tutoring sessions passed a writing course, while 52% of nonattenders passed. What does it support?

A gym says monthly check-ins rose from 8,000 to 10,000 after renovation but gives no membership total. What is a reader unable to judge?

A podcast ad says downloads rose from 50,000 to 100,000 after a guest interview and calls the episode “twice as influential.” What missing information matters most?

A help desk reports average response time fell from 14 minutes to 9 minutes, with no data on call volume or severity. What does the report leave unjudgeable?

A school says 78% of parents in an online survey support a later start time, but it gives no response rate. What can’t a reader judge?

A town reports recycling tonnage rose 20% over five years but gives no population or total-waste figures. What remains uncertain?

A principal notes schools with one-to-one laptops have higher writing scores and concludes buying laptops will raise scores. What move does the argument make?

A city flyer notes blocks with more street trees average cooler summer temperatures and argues planting trees will cool every block. What is the data move?

An article says companies with four-day workweeks report lower turnover and concludes the schedule caused employee loyalty. How is the statistic being used?

Cafes with more window seats report longer customer stays, so an owner says adding windows will make guests linger. What is the weakness in the reasoning?

One ad says complaints “fell 40%”; another says they fell “from 10 per 1,000 orders to 6 per 1,000.” What does the first phrasing gain?

A pitch says an app has “2 million users”; a second version says “1.6% of adults in the market use it.” What does the raw count emphasize?

A warning says a risk “doubled”; the full data say it rose from 1 in 10,000 to 2 in 10,000. What does the relative framing do?

A charity says it donated “300,000 meals”; a report says that was 0.8% of meals served by regional food banks. What does the first framing gain?

A student claims free-night museum ads broadened access for low-income residents. Which figure would bear most directly on that claim?

A writer argues a school writing lab shortens revision time without lowering essay quality. Which data would best test the claim?