On December 17, 1903, Orville Wright made the first powered airplane flight at Kitty Hawk. Later that morning the brothers flew three more times. Finally, Wilbur flew 852 feet in 59 seconds. Which structure organizes this paragraph?

Frogs and toads are both amphibians, and both begin life as tadpoles. Unlike a frog, a toad has drier, bumpier skin and shorter back legs. Which structure organizes this paragraph?

Because days grow shorter and cooler in autumn, many trees stop making chlorophyll. As a result, the green fades and the yellow and orange already in the leaf show. Which structure organizes this paragraph?

DDT made bald eagle eggshells so thin that they broke before chicks could hatch. The United States banned most uses of DDT in 1972 and protected eagle nests. Eagle numbers climbed again. Which structure organizes this paragraph?

Sea otters eat many sea urchins. Because urchins eat kelp, fewer urchins let the kelp grow thick. As a result, more fish find shelter there. Which signal words show how these ideas are connected?

Owls hunt at night, but hawks hunt during the day. Both birds have sharp talons and hooked beaks. Unlike a hawk, an owl can turn its head much farther around. Which signal words show how these ideas are connected?

In the 1930s, plowed soil on the plains blew away in dust storms. Crops failed and families lost farms. Starting in 1935, the government paid farmers to plant rows of trees. In this paragraph, what fixed the problem?

Sugar makers tap maple trees in late winter. Next, they collect the sap that drips out. Then they boil the sap for hours. Finally, they filter the syrup and pour it into bottles. This paragraph is in time order. Which words show that order?

Alligators and crocodiles are both large reptiles. Both float low with only their eyes showing. Both hunt fish and turtles. An alligator's snout is wide and rounded, unlike a crocodile's narrow one. What difference does this paragraph give?

Ice floats because frozen water takes up more space than the same amount of liquid water. As a result, ice forms on top of a pond and the water below stays liquid. This paragraph is organized by cause and effect.

Because the Moon's gravity pulls on Earth's oceans, the water bulges. As a result, most coasts have two high tides and two low tides each day. What does this paragraph give as the cause?

Sea lampreys reached the Great Lakes through canals and killed so many trout that fishing crashed. To solve this, workers built stream barriers and added a chemical that kills young lampreys. Which structure organizes this paragraph?

Robins stay in many cold states all winter. ___, most warblers fly far south when the days grow short. Which signal words best fill the blank?

Digging on the Erie Canal began on July 4, 1817. Crews worked east and west, section by section, for eight years. The canal opened on October 26, 1825. Which structure organizes this paragraph?

A passage tells how a butterfly changes from an egg to a caterpillar, then to a chrysalis, and finally to an adult butterfly. Which text structure is being used?

Guitars have six strings and are strummed or plucked with fingers or a pick. Violins have four strings and are played with a bow. Both are stringed instruments that can play many notes. What difference does this paragraph give?

Baking bread takes yeast, warm water, and flour mixed and kneaded, left to rise, and then baked at high heat. True or False: this paragraph is organized by cause and effect.

A paragraph says: “The town had no clean water after the storm. Volunteers brought bottled water and helped repair the pipes.” Which text structure best fits?

Sharks and dolphins both live in the ocean and are strong swimmers. Unlike a dolphin, a shark is a fish and breathes through gills instead of lungs. Which structure organizes this paragraph?

A text explains that heavy rain made the river rise, so water flooded nearby roads. Which text structure is used?