"The seating chart was arbitrary: no one, including the teacher, could name a reason for any of it." What does arbitrary mean here?

"Her essay is coherent: every paragraph follows from the one before it and points back to the same claim." What does coherent mean here?

"The witness was credible: her account matched the timestamps on three separate receipts." What does credible mean here?

"The instructions were explicit: staple the pages, number them, and leave them on the front desk by noon." What does explicit mean here?

"The email never says to arrive early, but the request is implicit in the schedule it attaches." What does implicit mean here?

"The inspection report is objective: it lists what the crew measured and leaves out what the owner hoped they would find." What does objective mean here?

"A judge wrote that the second entry felt 'warmer' than the rest, which is a subjective remark." What does subjective mean here?

"The argument is valid: if both of its premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false." What does valid mean here?

"Both writers start from the same premise: that a longer school day raises test scores." What does premise mean here?

"A translator listens for nuance, the shade of meaning that separates 'thrifty' from 'stingy'." What does nuance mean here?

"The survey shows bias: every question about the factory was asked only of people the factory employs." What does bias mean here?

"The rubric names four criteria: use of evidence, organization, word choice, and mechanics." What does criteria mean here?

"Capitalizing the first word of a sentence is a convention of written English, not a fact about language." What does convention mean here?

"Only one of the three studies is relevant, since the other two measured sleep rather than diet." What does relevant mean here?

"The gap between the two groups was statistically significant, so the researchers ruled out a fluke." What does significant mean here?

"The editor attributes the phrase to a letter of 1935 rather than to the novel published that year." What does attributes mean here?

"The word photograph derives from Greek roots meaning 'light' and 'writing'." What does derives mean here?

"His summary was concise: three sentences that still carried every main point." What does concise mean here?

A prompt reads: "Break the final stanza into its images and its sound patterns, and explain how each part builds the mood." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "Restate the paragraph in your own words, keeping every step of the reasoning and adding nothing." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "In no more than five sentences, give the main points of this 900-word article." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "Decide how well the author supports her claim, and name the standards you used to judge it." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "Read the three lab reports and the news story, then write one account of what all four together show." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "For every claim you make, give the chapter and page in the novel where the wording supports it." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "Explain why your ending is the better choice, giving reasons a reader could check for herself." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "Using the data in the table, show that the second claim in the editorial cannot stand." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "Narrow your thesis so that it holds only for the cases your evidence actually covers." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "The narrator never gives her age. Using the details she does give, work out about how old she is." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "In one sentence, give the meaning this essay attaches to the word 'freedom' and mark where that meaning stops." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "Follow the idea of the frontier from the first chapter to the last and show how it changes along the way." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "Say what the graph shows, point by point, without saying whether the trend is a good thing." What task does it set?

A prompt reads: "Before you offer any evidence, state your position on school uniforms in one clear sentence." What task does it set?

A coach tells the team, "Some people here have been skipping the warm-up." Nadia decides the coach means her. Which pair names what each of them did?

Ana condenses one long article into a short paragraph of its main points. Ben pulls a point from each of three reports and writes a claim none of them makes alone. Which pair names what each did?

Priya copies a sentence exactly, puts it in quotation marks, and adds the page number. Omar rewrites the same sentence in his own words and adds the page number. Which pair names what each did?

In a debate, Leo says the ferry should run on Sundays and stops there. Marta says it should, then gives ridership figures for three nearby towns. Which pair names what each did?

Dana admits her opponent is right that the plan costs more. Ravi shows with a receipt that his opponent's cost figure is wrong. Which pair names what each did?

Mr. Ruiz writes "No food in the lab" on his board. Ms. Hale writes nothing but sets a trash can by her door, and students stop bringing snacks. Which pair describes the two rules?

One reviewer reports the shoe's measured weight and the times it recorded on a track. Another reports that the shoe felt springy and looked fast. Which pair names the two reports?

Maya writes, "Teenagers never read for pleasure." Devon writes, "Teenagers in our district read for pleasure less often than they did in 2015." Which pair names what each did?

Sam lists the app's buttons, colors and menus. Iris rates the app against three standards the class agreed on and says how well it meets each. Which pair names what each did?

Theo retells the story's events in order. Grace explains how the flashback in chapter two makes the ending feel inevitable. Which pair names what each did?

Rosa begins, "Every student at this school owns a phone." Tomás answers, "Then a phone survey would reach all of them." Which pair names what each statement is?

Kim rejects a source because it measures air quality, not water quality. Jo rejects another because the page names no author and gives no date. Which pair names the two objections?

Which sentence uses refute correctly?

Which sentence uses concede correctly?

Which sentence uses assert correctly?

Which sentence uses evaluate correctly?

Which sentence uses hypothesis correctly?

Which sentence uses context correctly?

Which sentence uses perspective correctly?

Which sentence uses paraphrase correctly?

Which sentence uses qualify correctly?

Which sentence uses justify correctly?

A writer reports results from four separate towns, then states a general rule that covers all four. What is that movement called?

An essay argues for a later school start. One paragraph opens, "It is true that a later start would push sports practice into the evening." What is that sentence?

After stating the opposing argument fairly, a writer shows that the study it rests on tested only twelve people. What is the second move called?

A writer restates a researcher's idea in her own words and puts the researcher's name and year in parentheses after it. What is she doing?

Two historians disagree about why a strike failed. A student uses evidence from both of them to argue for a third explanation that accounts for their disagreement. What is the student doing?

The opening sentence of an essay names, in one line, the position the whole essay will defend. What is that sentence called?