Aling Rosa tells the class, "I walked six kilometers to school every day when I was in Grade 7." Which type of evidence is her statement?

A report supports its claim by stating that the 2020 Philippine census counted about 109 million people. Which type of evidence is that count?

Researchers surveyed 600 Grade 7 learners in one city and reported that about three in five city learners skip breakfast. Which type of evidence is that report?

A licensed nutritionist studies a canteen menu and judges that it gives learners too little iron. Which type of evidence is her judgment?

A writer supports her claim by citing the barangay record showing the health center opened in 2014. Which type of evidence is that record?

Marco writes, "Last June my own jeepney fare to school rose from PHP 12 to PHP 15." Which type of evidence is his statement?

A marine biologist studies the reef and concludes that it will likely recover within ten years. Which type of evidence is her conclusion?

A newspaper polls 1,200 voters and estimates that 48% of all voters back the new transport plan. Which type of evidence is that estimate?

An article backs its claim by noting that Mount Pinatubo erupted in 1991. Which type of evidence is that statement?

A farmer writes, "On my own two hectares in Isabela I harvested less corn this year than last year." Which type of evidence is his statement?

Scientists test 50 water samples from one river and estimate that the whole river carries unsafe bacteria levels. Which type of evidence is that estimate?

A structural engineer inspects the footbridge and states that its design is unsafe for crowds. Which type of evidence is her statement?

An essay supports its claim by noting that Jose Rizal published Noli Me Tangere in 1887. Which type of evidence is that detail?

A nurse writes, "During my own night shift last Tuesday I attended fourteen patients alone." Which type of evidence is her statement?

A historian who studies the period argues that the revolt failed mainly because supplies ran out. Which type of evidence is her argument?

Weather officers use readings from 30 stations to estimate the province's average yearly rainfall. Which type of evidence is that estimate?

Read: "Our barangay needs more lamps. Records list only 40 lamps. A poll of 300 residents suggests most feel unsafe. Lita says she was robbed here. An engineer says the lamps are too dim." Which type of evidence is Lita's account?

Read: "Our barangay needs more lamps. Records list only 40 lamps. A poll of 300 residents suggests most feel unsafe. Lita says she was robbed here. An engineer says the lamps are too dim." Which type of evidence is the engineer's statement?

Read: "Our barangay needs more lamps. Records list only 40 lamps. A poll of 300 residents suggests most feel unsafe. Lita says she was robbed here. An engineer says the lamps are too dim." Which type of evidence is the poll result?

Which limitation attaches to personal testimony used to support a claim about a whole community?

Which limitation attaches to statistical inference?

Which limitation attaches to informed opinion?

A writer supports a claim about traffic today with an accurate vehicle count taken in 2009. Which limitation of factual knowledge does this show?

A dentist is quoted judging whether a new bridge design is safe. Which limitation of informed opinion does this show?

Two qualified doctors read the same study and reach opposite conclusions about a treatment. What does this show about informed opinion?

Factual knowledge is support that anyone can check against a record, such as a census count or a dated document.

A writer supports a claim about all Bicol fisherfolk with one fisherman's account of his own catch. Which limitation of personal testimony does this show?

A witness describes a road accident she saw eight years ago. Which limitation weakens her personal testimony most?

A true 2015 population figure is used to support a claim about the town's population now. Why is the support weak?

A writer surveyed 30 learners in one classroom and concluded that most Filipino teenagers prefer online classes. What is the flaw in the support?

A survey of 200 shoppers at one Quezon City mall found that 70% bring their own bags. Which claim does the survey actually support?

A result from a sample of 40 shoppers in one town can be safely applied to the whole province.

Nurses at one hospital were asked about their working hours, and 64% reported overtime. Which claim does that finding actually support?

A magazine asked its own readers online whether they exercise daily, then reported that Filipinos are highly active. Why is the statistic stretched?

In a taste test, 8 of 10 pupils preferred the new juice, and the maker claimed 80% of children nationwide prefer it. What is the flaw?

Rainfall was measured at three stations in one province, and a writer concluded that the country had a wetter year. What is the flaw?

A school surveyed only its Grade 10 learners and found 55% join clubs. Which claim does that finding actually support?

A shop counted purchases on one Sunday and claimed that bread outsells rice every day of the week. Which claim does the count actually support?

A researcher interviewed 25 farmers in one town, then wrote that Philippine farmers are switching to organic methods. Why is the support insufficient?

A writer's claim is that a canteen should extend its hours. Which support would be a statistical inference rather than another type of evidence?