Read this text: "The Barangay Talisay Health Office is proud to announce its new clinic, a facility that shows our council's steady care for every family." Which form is this?

A city hall text says: "The new bridge across the river was finished two months early, showing the mayor's strong leadership." Which phrase praises the office instead of reporting a fact?

The Sunrise Farmers Cooperative bulletin states: "Our members earned fifteen percent more this harvest because of the cooperative's careful planning." Who is speaking here?

A school division text says: "All 42 schools received tablets on time, and no funds were left unused this year." What does the division want readers to conclude?

A provincial hospital sends its own announcement to a newspaper. Why is that announcement not automatically independent journalism?

Read this text: "Flooding closed two roads in Malolos on Tuesday. The city engineer said repairs will take a week. Three residents said drainage has failed twice before." Which form is this?

Read this text: "Aling Rosa has sold rice cakes outside the school gate for thirty years. She still wakes at three in the morning to grind her own coconut." Which form is this?

A provincial hospital text says: "The new ward opened with 40 beds and world-class equipment." Which part is a promotional claim rather than a checkable fact?

The Cebu City hall issues a text praising its own cleanup drive after residents complained about garbage. Whose interest does the text mainly serve?

A press release is issued by the organization it is about.

A barangay office issues a text about its new drainage project. Which detail is that text least likely to include?

A text about a city feeding program quotes only the city's own spokesperson. What weakness does that create?

A reporter receives a text from a school division claiming record enrollment. What should the reporter do before publishing it as news?

A provincial hospital text says: "We now give the fastest service in the province." How is this statement best described?

A cooperative text says: "Membership grew this year, thanks to the trust our leaders have earned." What conclusion is the reader steered toward?

A barangay text contains these sentences. Which one is factually checkable?

Read this text: "The city says the market is safe. A vendors' group and a fire inspector both dispute that, citing blocked exits." Which signal shows this is independent news?

Both a feature article and a press release may tell a warm story about a barangay day care. What still separates them?

A city office text says it saved two million pesos this year. What would let a reader check that claim?

A city hall text praises its own housing program. Which change would turn it into independent reporting?