"Call me Ishmael. Some years ago - never mind how long precisely - having little or no money in my purse ... I thought I would sail about a little and see the watery part of the world." What point of view is this?

"You push the door open and the bell rings. You tell yourself you are only looking, but your hand is already on the shelf, and you know how this ends." What point of view is this?

"Marisol decided the letter could wait. Behind the counter Theo was already regretting what he had said, and by the window an old man wondered why the shop had gone so quiet." What point of view is this?

"Dev watched his sister set the envelope down and walk out. Her face gave him nothing. He guessed she was angry, though he had guessed wrong about her before." Which point of view does this passage use?

Charlotte Perkins Gilman's story opens: "It is very seldom that mere ordinary people like John and myself secure ancestral halls for the summer." What point of view is this?

"The bus was late again. Nadia counted the coins in her palm and hoped the driver would not look too closely. Around her the other passengers stared at their phones and said nothing." What point of view is this?

"You are told to wait in the hallway. Nobody says how long. You count the tiles, and when the door finally opens you have forgotten what you came to say." Which point of view is this?

Mark Twain's novel begins: "You don't know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; but that ain't no matter." What point of view is this?

"Coach Ruiz was sure the game was lost. On the bench Ellis prayed she would not be called in, and up in the stands her father was already certain she would be." What point of view is this?

F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel opens: "In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since." What point of view is this?

"Sofia thought the interview had gone badly. It had not. The manager across the desk had already decided to hire her and was only waiting for the phone to ring." What point of view is this?

"Amara heard the key in the lock and made herself breathe slowly. Her father came in humming. Whatever he had decided, she thought, he was not going to say it tonight." What point of view is this?

A passage follows Marcus and reports only his thoughts. Which added sentence would make the narration third person omniscient?

"Priya smiled and said the plan was fine. It was not fine. She waited for Omar to notice, and Omar went on folding the map." Whose thoughts does this narrator report?

What can a third person omniscient narrator do that a third person limited narrator cannot?

"The two brothers shook hands. Each was certain the other had forgotten the argument, and each was wrong." How many characters' private thoughts does this narrator enter?

"Ben said he was frightened. Ana said nothing at all, but she was frightened too, and angry that he had said it first." What point of view is this?

Which sentence could only have been written by a third person omniscient narrator?

"The audience clapped. Hana could feel her heartbeat in her fingertips and was sure everyone could see her hands shaking." How many minds does this narrator enter?

A novel is told in third person limited following Marcus. Which of these can the narrator NOT tell the reader?

A war memoir is narrated in first person by a soldier. Which of these could he have known at the time it happened?

Which of these is possible ONLY in third person omniscient narration?

A story is narrated in first person by nine-year-old Rosa as the events happen. Which of these can the narrator NOT report?

In a third person limited novel following Ines, the narrator tells us Ines believes her neighbor is lying. What can this narrator NOT tell the reader?

A memoir is narrated in first person by the writer as an adult looking back on her childhood. Which of these can she report that her nine-year-old self could not?

A novel is narrated in first person by Walter, a clerk who works for a famous scientist and watches him closely. What is the reader denied?

A mystery is told in third person limited following Detective Adeyemi. Which detail can the narrator include?

"I have never lost my temper, not once. Ask anyone. The window broke by itself, the way windows do, and the neighbor's account of it is simply a lie." What does this narration signal?

Poe's story opens: "The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge." Which detail most suggests this narrator may be unreliable?

Which of these most clearly signals that a narrator is unreliable?

"I remember the door was locked. Or perhaps I only wish it had been. It was a long time ago and I was not myself that summer." What does this admission do?

A narrator's account of the party differs at every point from what three other characters describe. What does this most likely tell the reader?

Which line would most make a reader distrust a first person narrator?

What makes a narrator unreliable?

A novel narrated in first person by an accused man is rewritten in third person omniscient. What does the reader gain?

An omniscient novel is rewritten in first person from one character's view. What is lost?

A thriller told in third person limited following the victim is rewritten to follow the suspect instead. What changes for the reader?

A familiar fairy tale is retold in first person by its villain. What is the most likely effect?

A short story told in first person is rewritten in second person, so that "I opened the letter" becomes "You open the letter." What does the shift do?

Why might a mystery writer choose third person limited following the detective rather than third person omniscient?