A teacher tells the school board, "I have taught in this building for twenty-two years, and I have never seen a schedule work the way this one is written." Which appeal is she leaning on?

Thomas Paine, arguing in Common Sense against an island governing a continent, writes: "In no instance hath nature made the satellite larger than its primary planet ..." Which appeal does the sentence rely on?

Patrick Henry, speaking on March 23, 1775, asks the House: "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" Which appeal does the question rely on?

A speaker at a city council meeting says, "Since the ninth bus line was cut, ridership on the two remaining routes has risen by a third, and both now run past capacity every morning." Which appeal is doing the work here?

A shelter's fundraising letter reads, "The dog you are looking at spent Christmas Eve tied to a fence post in the rain." Which appeal does the sentence rely on?

A speaker opens a town meeting: "Before I say anything about the water, you should know that I am the person who tests it. I have been this town's water chemist for eleven years." Which appeal is she using?

At Gettysburg on November 19, 1863, Lincoln said of the battlefield: "The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract." Which appeal carries the line?

A student council report says, "We counted the trash cans on the quad. There are eleven, and nine of them stand within twenty feet of the cafeteria door." Which appeal is the report using?

A defense attorney tells a jury, "I have tried forty-one cases in this courthouse, and I have never once asked you to ignore an eyewitness." Which appeal is she making?

Frederick Douglass, writing in 1845 of a beating he witnessed as a child, calls it "the blood-stained gate, the entrance to the hell of slavery, through which I was about to pass." Which appeal does the sentence rely on?

An op-ed urging a later school start says: "The county health department, whose guidance our own doctors follow, backs the 8:30 bell." Which appeal is the writer using?

A debater says, "Every club that met the attendance rules kept its budget. The robotics club met the attendance rules. So the robotics club's budget should stand." Which appeal is the debater using?

On the last night of camp, a counselor says, "Look around this circle at the faces you will not see next July." Which appeal is she making?

Patrick Henry opens his speech of March 23, 1775: "No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the House." Which appeal is he using?

Which sentence from a campaign for a crossing guard at Elm and Fourth relies on ethos?

In a letter urging a town to keep funding its library branch, which line relies on logos?

An appeal to keep the school pool open uses all three rhetorical appeals. Which sentence is the pathos?

A candidate for student body president writes three lines for her speech. Which one relies on ethos?

A proposal for a school recycling program mixes its appeals. Which sentence relies on logos?

Which line in a letter opposing the closure of a neighborhood fire station relies on pathos?

At a hearing on a proposed dam, three residents speak. Which sentence relies on ethos?

A student argues for a longer lunch period. Which sentence uses logos?

A candidate for the school board opens by saying she taught third grade in the district for fifteen years before she ran. What does that opening do for a room of parents who do not know her?

A children's hospital opens its donor letter with a father describing the night he drove three hours to the nearest pediatric ward. What does that opening accomplish for the reader?

A city engineer presenting a budget shows the council the repair cost per mile for each of the last six years. What does that table do for a council that is skeptical of her request?

A veteran opens a speech about a proposed memorial by naming the three men from her unit who did not come home. What does naming them do for the crowd?

A pediatrician recommending a treatment first tells a doubtful room that she has treated this condition for eighteen years. What does that sentence accomplish before she gives her reasons?

An op-ed against a highway expansion closes with the traffic counts on that stretch before and after the last expansion. What does closing that way do for a reader who has heard the argument before?

A student council president opens a speech to freshmen by admitting that she lost her first election. What does the admission do for that audience?

An animal shelter's ad gives the name and age of one dog rather than the number of dogs it is housing. What does that choice accomplish for someone scrolling past?

A first-year coach has five minutes with parents who have never met her and who are unhappy that the previous coach left. Which appeal should she open with?

A budget officer whom the council already knows and trusts must show that one of two road plans costs less over ten years. Which appeal should carry her presentation?

A club has its facts on the table and an audience that agrees with every one of them but still has not signed up. Which appeal should the closing use?

A resident at a zoning hearing wants the board to weigh her account of last spring's flooding against a developer's report. Which appeal should she build first?

A debate team must answer an opponent's claim that the new schedule saves the district money. Which appeal fits the rebuttal?

A fundraiser has one sentence on a postcard and readers who already accept that the cause is worth supporting. Which appeal should that sentence use?

"As the pediatrician who admitted her that night, I still see that child's face every time I close my eyes." Which appeal carries the second half of the sentence?

A cycling group's flyer reads, "Every year, enough riders in this state die of head injuries to fill your child's classroom twice over." Which appeal carries the line?

"I have delivered mail on this street for thirty-one years, and I can tell you which three corners flood first." Which appeal does the speaker's claim about the corners rest on?

"Our team tested the water at nine sites along the creek, and the two below the plant were the only ones that failed." Which appeal carries the speaker's conclusion about the plant?