Procedure: 1. Pour liquid into the cylinder. 2. Set it on a level bench. 3. Bring your eyes level with the liquid. 4. Read the bottom of the curve. 5. Record. Kai's only mistake: he reads the curve's bottom looking down from above. Which step did he break?

Procedure: 1. Set the balance on a flat table. 2. Slide all riders to zero. 3. Turn the knob until the pointer rests on zero. 4. Place the rock on the pan. 5. Slide the riders until the pointer returns to zero. 6. Record. What if step 3 is skipped?

Procedure: 1. Tape the ramp to a block so its angle cannot change. 2. Lay carpet at the bottom. 3. Release the car from the top mark without pushing. 4. Mark where it stops. 5. Measure. 6. Repeat on tile. Why must step 1 come before step 3?

Procedure: 1. Fold the filter paper into a cone. 2. Fit it inside the funnel. 3. Rest the funnel in the mouth of a clean jar. 4. Stir the sand and water. 5. Pour the mixture slowly into the filter. What goes wrong if steps 3 and 5 are swapped?

Procedure: 1. Fill the beaker with water. 2. Set it on the hot plate. 3. Heat until bubbles rise. 4. Switch the plate off. 5. Wait ten minutes before moving the beaker. Note: the plate stays hot after it is off. Which step does the note explain?

Procedure: 1. Snap the battery into its holder. 2. Screw the bulb into its holder. 3. Clip one wire from the battery to the bulb holder. 4. Clip the second wire from the bulb holder back to the battery. What goes wrong if step 4 is left out?

Procedure: 1. Pour 200 mL of hot water into each cup. 2. Wrap one cup in foil. 3. Put a thermometer in each cup. 4. Wait until each reading stops changing. 5. Record both readings. A reading goes 52, 55, then 57 degrees. What should Lia do?

Procedure: 1. Line the ruler's zero mark with the leaf's left edge. 2. Read the mark at the tip. 3. If the tip falls between two marks, take the closer one. 4. Record to the nearest whole centimeter. A tip sits past 7 cm, nearer 7 than 8. Record what?

Procedure: 1. Label one tray Light, one Dark. 2. Fill both with the same soil to one depth. 3. Plant five bean seeds 2 cm deep in each. 4. Give each 50 mL of water. 5. Move one tray under a lamp, one into a dark cupboard. Before step 5, what must be true?

Procedure: 1. Weigh the empty cup and record its mass. 2. Pour the salt into the cup. 3. Weigh the cup and salt together. 4. Subtract the mass from step 1. What goes wrong if steps 1 and 2 are swapped?

Procedure: 1. Slide the riders to zero. 2. Place the sample on the pan. 3. Record the mass. Why must step 1 come before step 2?

Class text: "Weathering slowly breaks rock apart over many years. Water expands as it freezes. Water that freezes in a crack pushes the crack wider. After many winters, the rock splits apart." Which sentence most directly supports that ice breaks rock?

"Engineers tested a pale coating on a walkway. Pale surfaces reflect more sunlight than dark surfaces do. The coated walk measured 8 degrees cooler than the asphalt." Which sentence supports the conclusion that the coating cooled the walk?

"Salt water freezes at a lower temperature than fresh water does. Crews salted one lane of the bridge before the storm. The salted lane stayed wet at -3C; the other lane iced over." Which sentence supports the conclusion that salting prevented ice?

Passage: "Mold grew on the bread on the counter but not on the slice in the freezer. Both slices came from the same loaf. Mold grows fastest in warm, damp places." Which sentence rules out the bread itself as the reason for the difference?

Passage: "Ms. Ortega's group measured a pole's shadow. At 9 a.m. it was 210 cm. At noon it was 45 cm. At 3 p.m. it was 190 cm. The Sun sits highest in the sky near noon." Which detail best supports the conclusion that a higher Sun makes a shorter shadow?

Results: "Both trays got the same soil and 50 mL of water. In two weeks the seedlings under the lamp grew 9 cm and were green. Those in the dark cupboard grew 3 cm and stayed pale." Which conclusion do these results support?

Results: "Both cups held 200 mL of water and started at 60 degrees Celsius. After 20 minutes the foil-wrapped cup read 48 degrees and the bare cup read 39 degrees." Which conclusion do these results support?

Passage: "A filter separates a mixture by size. The paper's tiny holes let water through but hold back grains of sand. The water that drips into the jar is clear. The sand stays behind on the paper." Which sentence best states the central idea?

Results: "In each of three trials the toy car rolled farther on the tile than on the carpet. The ramp angle and starting mark stayed the same." True or false: these results show the surface, not the ramp, caused the change in distance.